Human–Autonomy Teaming: A Review and Analysis of the Empirical Literature

Objective We define human–autonomy teaming and offer a synthesis of the existing empirical research on the topic. Specifically, we identify the research environments, dependent variables, themes representing the key findings, and critical future research directions. Background Whereas a burgeoning l...

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Published in:Human factors Vol. 64; no. 5; pp. 904 - 938
Main Authors: O’Neill, Thomas, McNeese, Nathan, Barron, Amy, Schelble, Beau
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.08.2022
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Subjects:
Autonomy
Criteria
Dependent variables
Empirical analysis
Independent variables
Outerwear
Teams
Teams And Groups
Teamwork
human–agent collaboration
team performance
team processes
teamwork
human–autonomy teaming
human–automation interaction
ISSN:0018-7208, 1547-8181, 1547-8181
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Objective We define human–autonomy teaming and offer a synthesis of the existing empirical research on the topic. Specifically, we identify the research environments, dependent variables, themes representing the key findings, and critical future research directions. Background Whereas a burgeoning literature on high-performance teamwork identifies the factors critical to success, much less is known about how human–autonomy teams (HATs) achieve success. Human–autonomy teamwork involves humans working interdependently toward a common goal along with autonomous agents. Autonomous agents involve a degree of self-government and self-directed behavior (agency), and autonomous agents take on a unique role or set of tasks and work interdependently with human team members to achieve a shared objective. Method We searched the literature on human–autonomy teaming. To meet our criteria for inclusion, the paper needed to involve empirical research and meet our definition of human–autonomy teaming. We found 76 articles that met our criteria for inclusion. Results We report on research environments and we find that the key independent variables involve autonomous agent characteristics, team composition, task characteristics, human individual differences, training, and communication. We identify themes for each of these and discuss the future research needs. Conclusion There are areas where research findings are clear and consistent, but there are many opportunities for future research. Particularly important will be research that identifies mechanisms linking team input to team output variables.
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ISSN:0018-7208
1547-8181
1547-8181
DOI:10.1177/0018720820960865