Prevalence, types, and determinants of intimate-partner violence among pregnant women in Northern Uganda: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global health issue, affecting one in three women worldwide. Exposure to IPV during pregnancy poses significant health risks to the mother and her foetus, leading to various complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, typ...

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Vydáno v:	BMC public health Ročník 25; číslo 1; s. 3059 - 8
Hlavní autoři:	Okot, Jerom, Anena, Cinderella, Okema, Nelson James, Amuku, Denis Oryem, Otunnu, Jerry Enock, oweka, Beatrice Lamwaka, Lutara, Ian Daniel, Watum, Francis, Nsubuga, Yakobo, Bongomin, Felix, Pebolo, Pebalo Francis, Ouma, Simple
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 24.09.2025 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Témata:	Abused women Adolescent Adult Age Aggression Amenorrhea Analysis Antenatal care Biostatistics Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Domestic relations Domestic violence Education Environmental Health Epidemiology Exposure Family violence Female Fetuses Gender based violence Global health Gynecology Health aspects Health risks Health status Hospitals Humans Intimate partner violence Intimate Partner Violence - statistics & numerical data Male Marriage Maternal & child health Maternal characteristics Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mortality Mothers Northern uganda Obstetrics Patient outcomes Pregnancy Pregnant People - psychology Pregnant women Prenatal care Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Prevention Psychological aspects Public Health Questionnaires Random sampling Regression analysis Risk Factors Rural areas Sample size Sampling Semistructured questionnaires Sex crimes Sexual assault Sexual violence Social aspects Sociodemographics Statistical analysis Statistical sampling Statistics Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Uganda - epidemiology Vaccine Variables Violence Women Womens health World health Young Adult Uganda Pregnancy Northern uganda Gender based violence Antenatal care
ISSN:	1471-2458, 1471-2458
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Shrnutí:	Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global health issue, affecting one in three women worldwide. Exposure to IPV during pregnancy poses significant health risks to the mother and her foetus, leading to various complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and determinants of IPV among pregnant women in Northern Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital’s antenatal care clinic from June to August 2023. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires in English or Acholi. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, partner attributes, and IPV exposure was collected. Descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using STATA 18.0. Associations between variables and IPV were reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Among the 339 participants, the mean age (standard deviation) was 26.1(5.5) years. Overall, 73.2% ( n = 248) of the participants were exposed to IPV in pregnancy. The most common form of IPV was controlling behaviour by male partners (61.9%, n = 210), followed by emotional violence (34.8%, n = 118), economic violence (29.5%, n = 100), sexual violence (28.9%, n = 98), and physical violence (16.2%, n = 55). Factors associated with IPV included being in a polygynous marriage (aPR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03–1.31, p = 0.013), having poor (aPR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.32–1.89, p < 0.0001) or good (aPR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03–1.51, p = 0.026) versus perfect relationship with the husband’s family, week of amenorrhea (aPR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.003–1.02, p = 0.006), and maternal age (aPR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p = 0.003). Conclusions IPV during pregnancy, particularly controlling behaviour by male partners, is highly prevalent in Northern Uganda. To mitigate the negative impacts on maternal and foetal health, targeted interventions by the Ministry of Health, development partners, and other stakeholders are urgently needed to prevent and manage IPV in pregnancy.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2458 1471-2458
DOI:	10.1186/s12889-025-24465-7