Synthesis and characterization of 3D gelatin/calcium hydroxide/dentin matrix proteins/propolis scaffolds for hard tissue engineering

This paper explores the development of three-dimensional porous scaffolds composed of gelatin, calcium hydroxide, dentin matrix proteins, and propolis (signified as G, Ca, DP, and P, respectively). First, the scaffolds were synthesized using freeze-drying technique, then their physicochemical proper...

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Vydáno v:	BMC oral health Ročník 25; číslo 1; s. 1448 - 20
Hlavní autoři:	Sadrabad, Maryam Jalili, Torkashvand, Mohammad, Saberian, Elham, Bahraminasab, Marjan
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 26.09.2025 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Témata:	Adhesives Alkaline phosphatase Alkaline Phosphatase - analysis Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biomedical materials Bones Calcification, Physiologic Calcium hydroxide Calcium Hydroxide - chemistry Cell Adhesion Cell adhesion & migration Cell Differentiation Cell number Cell Survival Cell viability Cellular proteins Collagen Composite scaffold Cytotoxicity Dental materials Dental matrices Dental pulp Dental Pulp - cytology Dental pulp stem cells Dentin Dentin - chemistry Dentin matrix protein Dentistry Design and construction Extracellular Matrix Proteins - chemistry Flavonoids Freeze drying Gelatin Gelatin - chemistry Humans Hydrogels Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Hydroxyapatite Lime Materials Testing Mechanical properties Medicine Methods Mineralization Morphology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Physicochemical properties Physiological aspects Porosity Propolis Propolis - chemistry Proteins Stem cells Stem Cells - physiology Surface Properties Tissue engineering Tissue Engineering - methods Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry Wettability Iran Composite scaffold Biocompatibility Dentin matrix protein Calcium hydroxide Propolis Dental pulp stem cells
ISSN:	1472-6831, 1472-6831
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Shrnutí:	This paper explores the development of three-dimensional porous scaffolds composed of gelatin, calcium hydroxide, dentin matrix proteins, and propolis (signified as G, Ca, DP, and P, respectively). First, the scaffolds were synthesized using freeze-drying technique, then their physicochemical properties, mechanical characteristics, cytocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells, and cell adhesion, differentiation and mineralization were evaluated. The results showed that the scaffolds were porous with asperity. The surface roughness analysis identified higher roughness value for the G-Ca-P and G-Ca-DP-P scaffolds (mean Rq of 38.16 and 21.69 nm, respectively). All the scaffolds exhibited hydrophilic behavior (contact angles < 90°). However, those having propolis, calcium hydroxide and protein showed higher wettability. Furthermore, all scaffolds degraded over time with a synergistic effect between calcium hydroxide and dentin matrix proteins in making a more robust scaffold and enhancing the alkalinizing effect. The G and G-P scaffolds had elastic-plastic behavior, while G-Ca-P and G-Ca-DP-P scaffolds showed brittleness. Moreover, all scaffolds revealed no cytotoxicity (cell viability >80%). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration and matrix deposition, as measures of osteogenic differentiation, were highest for G-Ca-DP-P scaffolds, followed by G-Ca-P. Besides, the cells attached to the scaffold surfaces with a flattened morphology, and the highest cell number adhered on G-Ca-DP-P and G-Ca-P scaffolds, respectively. Altogether, the G-Ca-DP-P scaffolds acted as hydrophilic, rough, and biodegradable frameworks supporting cell viability, adhesion, differentiation and mineralization.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1472-6831 1472-6831
DOI:	10.1186/s12903-025-06766-w