Clever Support: Efficient Support Structure Generation for Digital Fabrication

We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Computer graphics forum Jg. 33; H. 5; S. 117 - 125
Hauptverfasser:	Vanek, J., Galicia, J. A. G., Benes, B.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2014
Schlagworte:	3-D graphics 3-D printers Additive manufacturing Algorithms Analysis Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) Computer programs I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling I.3.8 [Computer Graphics]: Applications Mathematical models Optimization Overhang Printers Printing Studies Supports
ISSN:	0167-7055, 1467-8659
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Abstract	We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs to be printed first and discarded later, optimizing its volume can lead to material and printing time savings. We present a novel, geometry‐based approach that minimizes the support material while providing sufficient support. Using our approach, the input 3D model is first oriented into a position with minimal area that requires support. Then the points in this area that require support are detected. For these points the supporting structure is progressively built while attempting to minimize the overall length of the support structure. The resulting structure has a tree‐like shape that effectively supports the overhangs. We have tested our algorithm on the MakerBot® Replicator™ 2 printer and we compared our solution to the embedded software solution in this printer and to Autodesk® Meshmixer™ software. Our solution reduced printing time by an average of 29.4% (ranging from 13.9% to 49.5%) and the amount of material by 40.5% (ranging from 24.5% to 68.1%).
AbstractList	We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs to be printed first and discarded later, optimizing its volume can lead to material and printing time savings. We present a novel, geometry-based approach that minimizes the support material while providing sufficient support. Using our approach, the input 3D model is first oriented into a position with minimal area that requires support. Then the points in this area that require support are detected. For these points the supporting structure is progressively built while attempting to minimize the overall length of the support structure. The resulting structure has a tree-like shape that effectively supports the overhangs. We have tested our algorithm on the MakerBot Replicator(TM) 2 printer and we compared our solution to the embedded software solution in this printer and to Autodesk Meshmixer(TM) software. Our solution reduced printing time by an average of 29.4% (ranging from 13.9% to 49.5%) and the amount of material by 40.5% (ranging from 24.5% to 68.1%). [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs to be printed first and discarded later, optimizing its volume can lead to material and printing time savings. We present a novel, geometry‐based approach that minimizes the support material while providing sufficient support. Using our approach, the input 3D model is first oriented into a position with minimal area that requires support. Then the points in this area that require support are detected. For these points the supporting structure is progressively built while attempting to minimize the overall length of the support structure. The resulting structure has a tree‐like shape that effectively supports the overhangs. We have tested our algorithm on the MakerBot® Replicator™ 2 printer and we compared our solution to the embedded software solution in this printer and to Autodesk® Meshmixer™ software. Our solution reduced printing time by an average of 29.4% (ranging from 13.9% to 49.5%) and the amount of material by 40.5% (ranging from 24.5% to 68.1%). We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The printers need to connect overhangs with the lower parts of the object or the ground in order to print them. Since the support material needs to be printed first and discarded later, optimizing its volume can lead to material and printing time savings. We present a novel, geometry-based approach that minimizes the support material while providing sufficient support. Using our approach, the input 3D model is first oriented into a position with minimal area that requires support. Then the points in this area that require support are detected. For these points the supporting structure is progressively built while attempting to minimize the overall length of the support structure. The resulting structure has a tree-like shape that effectively supports the overhangs. We have tested our algorithm on the MakerBot registered Replicator(TM) 2 printer and we compared our solution to the embedded software solution in this printer and to Autodesk registered Meshmixer(TM) software. Our solution reduced printing time by an average of 29.4% (ranging from 13.9% to 49.5%) and the amount of material by 40.5% (ranging from 24.5% to 68.1%).
Author	Benes, B. Galicia, J. A. G. Vanek, J.
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Copyright	2014 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2014 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2014 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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References_xml	– reference: Toppur B., Smith J.: A sausage heuristic for steiner minimal trees in three-dimensional euclidean space. Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms 4, 2 (2005), 199-217. 3, 5 – reference: Zhou Q., Panetta J., Zorin D.: Worst-case structural analysis. ACM Trans. on Graph. 32, 4 (2013), 137:1-137:12. 2 – reference: Hart J.C., Baker B., Michaelraj J.: Structural simulation of tree growth and response. The Visual Computer 19, 2 (2003), 151-163. 7 – reference: Wang W., Wang T.Y., Yang Z., Liu L., Tong X., Tong W., Deng J., Chen F., Liu X.: Cost-effective printing of 3d objects with skin-frame structures. ACM Trans. on Grap. 32, 5 (2013). 3 – reference: Luo L., Baran I., Rusinkiewicz S., Matusik W.: Chopper: partitioning models into 3d-printable parts. ACM Transactions on Graphics 31, 6 (Nov. 2012), 129:1-129:9. 2 – reference: Hwang F.K., Richards D.S.: Steiner tree problems. 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Snippet	We introduce an optimization framework for the reduction of support structures required by 3D printers based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The...
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SubjectTerms	3-D graphics 3-D printers Additive manufacturing Algorithms Analysis Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) Computer programs I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling I.3.8 [Computer Graphics]: Applications Mathematical models Optimization Overhang Printers Printing Studies Supports
Title	Clever Support: Efficient Support Structure Generation for Digital Fabrication
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