Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Roads and topography can determine patterns of land use and distribution of forest cover, particularly in tropical regions. We evaluated how road density, land use, and topography affected forest fragmentation, deforestation and forest regrowth in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest region near the city of...

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Vydané v:	Forest ecology and management Ročník 259; číslo 3; s. 410 - 417
Hlavní autori:	Freitas, Simone R., Hawbaker, Todd J., Metzger, Jean Paul
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Kidlington Elsevier B.V 25.01.2010 [Amsterdam]: Elsevier Science Elsevier
Predmet:	Abies pindrow Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Brazil Deforestation forest ecology Forest fragmentation forest growth forest habitats Forest regrowth Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology habitat fragmentation land use Landscape dynamics landscape ecology Road ecology roads slope Synecology temporal variation Terrestrial ecosystems tropical forests tropics urbanization vegetation cover Brazil South America America Deforestation Brazil Landscape dynamics Forest fragmentation Forest regrowth Road ecology Forests Dynamic characteristic Landscape Forest ecology Regrowth Land use Fragmentation Topography Forestry Plant cover
ISSN:	0378-1127, 1872-7042
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Abstract	Roads and topography can determine patterns of land use and distribution of forest cover, particularly in tropical regions. We evaluated how road density, land use, and topography affected forest fragmentation, deforestation and forest regrowth in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest region near the city of São Paulo. We mapped roads and land use/land cover for three years (1962, 1981 and 2000) from historical aerial photographs, and summarized the distribution of roads, land use/land cover and topography within a grid of 94 non-overlapping 100ha squares. We used generalized least squares regression models for data analysis. Our models showed that forest fragmentation and deforestation depended on topography, land use and road density, whereas forest regrowth depended primarily on land use. However, the relationships between these variables and forest dynamics changed in the two studied periods; land use and slope were the strongest predictors from 1962 to 1981, and past (1962) road density and land use were the strongest predictors for the following period (1981–2000). Roads had the strongest relationship with deforestation and forest fragmentation when the expansions of agriculture and buildings were limited to already deforested areas, and when there was a rapid expansion of development, under influence of São Paulo city. Furthermore, the past (1962) road network was more important than the recent road network (1981) when explaining forest dynamics between 1981 and 2000, suggesting a long-term effect of roads. Roads are permanent scars on the landscape and facilitate deforestation and forest fragmentation due to increased accessibility and land valorization, which control land-use and land-cover dynamics. Topography directly affected deforestation, agriculture and road expansion, mainly between 1962 and 1981. Forest are thus in peril where there are more roads, and long-term conservation strategies should consider ways to mitigate roads as permanent landscape features and drivers facilitators of deforestation and forest fragmentation.
AbstractList	Roads and topography can determine patterns of land use and distribution of forest cover, particularly in tropical regions. We evaluated how road density, land use, and topography affected forest fragmentation, deforestation and forest regrowth in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest region near the city of São Paulo. We mapped roads and land use/land cover for three years (1962, 1981 and 2000) from historical aerial photographs, and summarized the distribution of roads, land use/land cover and topography within a grid of 94 non-overlapping 100ha squares. We used generalized least squares regression models for data analysis. Our models showed that forest fragmentation and deforestation depended on topography, land use and road density, whereas forest regrowth depended primarily on land use. However, the relationships between these variables and forest dynamics changed in the two studied periods; land use and slope were the strongest predictors from 1962 to 1981, and past (1962) road density and land use were the strongest predictors for the following period (1981-2000). Roads had the strongest relationship with deforestation and forest fragmentation when the expansions of agriculture and buildings were limited to already deforested areas, and when there was a rapid expansion of development, under influence of São Paulo city. Furthermore, the past (1962) road network was more important than the recent road network (1981) when explaining forest dynamics between 1981 and 2000, suggesting a long-term effect of roads. Roads are permanent scars on the landscape and facilitate deforestation and forest fragmentation due to increased accessibility and land valorization, which control land-use and land-cover dynamics. Topography directly affected deforestation, agriculture and road expansion, mainly between 1962 and 1981. Forest are thus in peril where there are more roads, and long-term conservation strategies should consider ways to mitigate roads as permanent landscape features and drivers facilitators of deforestation and forest fragmentation.
Author	Freitas, Simone R. Hawbaker, Todd J. Metzger, Jean Paul
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Simone R. surname: Freitas fullname: Freitas, Simone R. email: simonerfreitas.ufabc@gmail.com organization: Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Todd J. surname: Hawbaker fullname: Hawbaker, Todd J. organization: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Jean Paul surname: Metzger fullname: Metzger, Jean Paul organization: Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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SubjectTerms	Abies pindrow Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Brazil Deforestation forest ecology Forest fragmentation forest growth forest habitats Forest regrowth Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology habitat fragmentation land use Landscape dynamics landscape ecology Road ecology roads slope Synecology temporal variation Terrestrial ecosystems tropical forests tropics urbanization vegetation cover
Title	Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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