Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Viral and Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents Aged under 18 Years with COVID-19 during the Omicron Wave in Russia

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral a...

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Published in:Viruses Vol. 16; no. 8; p. 1180
Main Authors: Yakovlev, Alexander S., Afanasev, Vladislav V., Alekseenko, Svetlana I., Belyaletdinova, Ilmira K., Isankina, Ludmila N., Gryaznova, Irina A., Skalny, Anatoly V., Kozlovskaya, Liubov I., Ishmukhametov, Aydar A., Karganova, Galina G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.07.2024
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ISSN:1999-4915, 1999-4915
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children’s health than SARS-CoV-2.
AbstractList The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children’s health than SARS-CoV-2.
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2.
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2.The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2.
Author Ishmukhametov, Aydar A.
Karganova, Galina G.
Yakovlev, Alexander S.
Isankina, Ludmila N.
Afanasev, Vladislav V.
Alekseenko, Svetlana I.
Belyaletdinova, Ilmira K.
Kozlovskaya, Liubov I.
Gryaznova, Irina A.
Skalny, Anatoly V.
AuthorAffiliation 5 Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (RISBM), 117246 Moscow, Russia; belyaletdinova_i@mail.ru
3 K.A. Rauhfus Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; isan-ludmila@yandex.ru (L.N.I.); irinagryaznova80@mail.ru (I.A.G.)
1 FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; yakovlev_as@yahoo.com (A.S.Y.); lubov_i_k@mail.ru (L.I.K.); ishmukhametov@chumakovs.su (A.A.I.)
7 Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
2 Otolaryngology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia; streetva@gmail.com (V.V.A.); svolga-lor@mail.ru (S.I.A.)
4 Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
6 Department of Medical Elem
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2025_105824
crossref_primary_10_17816_fopr655475
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Keywords COVID-19
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adenovirus
pediatrics
coinfections
influenza virus
bacterial pathogens
respiratory viruses
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Snippet The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of...
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SubjectTerms Adenoviridae
Adolescent
Age
Bacteria
bacterial culture
Bacterial infections
Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
bacterial pathogens
Bronchitis
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Coinfection - epidemiology
Coinfection - microbiology
Coinfection - virology
coinfections
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - microbiology
COVID-19 infection
Female
Hospitalization
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Influenza
influenza virus
Male
mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Pandemics
Pathogens
Patients
Pediatrics
pneumonia
Prevalence
Public health
Respiration
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory syncytial virus
respiratory system
Respiratory tract infection
Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - virology
respiratory viruses
Retrospective Studies
Russia
Russia - epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Statistical analysis
Streptococcus infections
Teenagers
Viral infections
Viruses
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Title Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Viral and Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents Aged under 18 Years with COVID-19 during the Omicron Wave in Russia
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