Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Viral and Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents Aged under 18 Years with COVID-19 during the Omicron Wave in Russia
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral a...
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| Published in: | Viruses Vol. 16; no. 8; p. 1180 |
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23.07.2024
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| ISSN: | 1999-4915, 1999-4915 |
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| Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children’s health than SARS-CoV-2. |
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| AbstractList | The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children’s health than SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2.The COVID-19 pandemic has altered respiratory infection patterns in pediatric populations. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and relaxation of public health measures have increased the likelihood of coinfections. Previous studies show conflicting results regarding the impact of viral and bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 on severity of pediatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of coinfections among children hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 hospitalized patients aged under 18 years in Russia, from January 2022 to March 2023. Samples from patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens using qRT-PCR, bacterial culture tests and mass spectrometry, and ELISA. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 cases had coinfections, with viral and bacterial coinfections occurring at similar rates. Adenovirus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common viral and bacterial coinfections, respectively. Viral coinfections were associated with higher fevers and increased bronchitis, while bacterial coinfections correlated with longer duration of illness and higher pneumonia rates. Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses were linked to more severe lower respiratory tract complications than SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. These findings suggest that during the Omicron wave, seasonal respiratory viruses may have posed a greater threat to children's health than SARS-CoV-2. |
| Author | Ishmukhametov, Aydar A. Karganova, Galina G. Yakovlev, Alexander S. Isankina, Ludmila N. Afanasev, Vladislav V. Alekseenko, Svetlana I. Belyaletdinova, Ilmira K. Kozlovskaya, Liubov I. Gryaznova, Irina A. Skalny, Anatoly V. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (RISBM), 117246 Moscow, Russia; belyaletdinova_i@mail.ru 3 K.A. Rauhfus Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; isan-ludmila@yandex.ru (L.N.I.); irinagryaznova80@mail.ru (I.A.G.) 1 FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; yakovlev_as@yahoo.com (A.S.Y.); lubov_i_k@mail.ru (L.I.K.); ishmukhametov@chumakovs.su (A.A.I.) 7 Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia 2 Otolaryngology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia; streetva@gmail.com (V.V.A.); svolga-lor@mail.ru (S.I.A.) 4 Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia 6 Department of Medical Elem |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; yakovlev_as@yahoo.com (A.S.Y.); lubov_i_k@mail.ru (L.I.K.); ishmukhametov@chumakovs.su (A.A.I.) – name: 2 Otolaryngology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia; streetva@gmail.com (V.V.A.); svolga-lor@mail.ru (S.I.A.) – name: 4 Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia – name: 7 Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia – name: 3 K.A. Rauhfus Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; isan-ludmila@yandex.ru (L.N.I.); irinagryaznova80@mail.ru (I.A.G.) – name: 6 Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; skalnyy-av@rudn.ru – name: 5 Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (RISBM), 117246 Moscow, Russia; belyaletdinova_i@mail.ru – name: 8 Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alexander S. surname: Yakovlev fullname: Yakovlev, Alexander S. – sequence: 2 givenname: Vladislav V. surname: Afanasev fullname: Afanasev, Vladislav V. – sequence: 3 givenname: Svetlana I. surname: Alekseenko fullname: Alekseenko, Svetlana I. – sequence: 4 givenname: Ilmira K. surname: Belyaletdinova fullname: Belyaletdinova, Ilmira K. – sequence: 5 givenname: Ludmila N. surname: Isankina fullname: Isankina, Ludmila N. – sequence: 6 givenname: Irina A. surname: Gryaznova fullname: Gryaznova, Irina A. – sequence: 7 givenname: Anatoly V. surname: Skalny fullname: Skalny, Anatoly V. – sequence: 8 givenname: Liubov I. surname: Kozlovskaya fullname: Kozlovskaya, Liubov I. – sequence: 9 givenname: Aydar A. surname: Ishmukhametov fullname: Ishmukhametov, Aydar A. – sequence: 10 givenname: Galina G. surname: Karganova fullname: Karganova, Galina G. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1093/ije/dyab081 10.1038/s41422-023-00821-3 10.3390/biomedicines11051402 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105220 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00383-X 10.15585/mmwr.mm7150a4 10.1093/infdis/jiac494 10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02631 10.1371/journal.pone.0155589 10.3389/fmed.2023.1178041 10.1111/1753-6405.13168 10.1542/peds.2023-064326 10.1038/s41392-022-00997-x 10.1093/infdis/jiv261 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.358 10.3390/v15071415 10.1038/s41586-022-04479-6 10.1093/ofid/ofad122 10.1542/peds.2022-059037 10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30114-2 |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 adenovirus pediatrics coinfections influenza virus bacterial pathogens respiratory viruses |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenoviridae Adolescent Age Bacteria bacterial culture Bacterial infections Bacterial Infections - epidemiology Bacterial Infections - microbiology bacterial pathogens Bronchitis Child Child, Preschool Children Coinfection - epidemiology Coinfection - microbiology Coinfection - virology coinfections COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - microbiology COVID-19 infection Female Hospitalization Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Influenza influenza virus Male mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Pandemics Pathogens Patients Pediatrics pneumonia Prevalence Public health Respiration Respiratory diseases Respiratory syncytial virus respiratory system Respiratory tract infection Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology Respiratory Tract Infections - virology respiratory viruses Retrospective Studies Russia Russia - epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus infections Statistical analysis Streptococcus infections Teenagers Viral infections Viruses |
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| Title | Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Viral and Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents Aged under 18 Years with COVID-19 during the Omicron Wave in Russia |
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