When Antlers Grow Abnormally: A Hidden Disease Behind Common Cervid Trophy Deformities, Introducing Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans
For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition—Pedunculiti...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Animals (Basel) Jg. 15; H. 11; S. 1530 |
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| Abstract | For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition—Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)—using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin—an area essential for the integrity of the integument—which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health. |
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| AbstractList | For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition—Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)—using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin—an area essential for the integrity of the integument—which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health. Antlers are the fastest regenerating bone tissue in the animal kingdom and serve as biological superstructures reflecting genetics, nutrition, environmental conditions, and the quality of wildlife management. The most common forms of antler abnormalities have traditionally been attributed to injuries sustained during mating fights. However, their pathological background has not been systematically investigated. By examining the skulls, pedicles, and antlers of three deer species, we identified a pathological condition—Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)—with features overlapping previously reported cases in other cervids. Resembling chronic osteomyelitis, PCD likely arises from inflammation during antler casting and regrowth. We present a novel scoring system to assess the severity of lesions and offer detailed anatomical and pathological characterizations to aid diagnosis. Our findings challenge the long-held assumption that most antler deformities are trauma-related and highlight the need for standardized recognition and deeper investigation into deer health and antler biology. For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition—Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)—using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin—an area essential for the integrity of the integument—which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health. For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer ( ), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition-Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)-using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin-an area essential for the integrity of the integument-which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer ( ) and red deer ( ), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health. For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition-Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)-using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin-an area essential for the integrity of the integument-which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health.For centuries, the most prevalent antler abnormalities observed worldwide have been attributed to trauma. However, detailed pathological investigation of these cases has not yet been carried out. In free-living fallow deer (Dama dama), we identified a chronic osteomyelitis-like condition-Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)-using pathological and radiological diagnostics. We propose that inflammation during post-casting wound healing and consequent scar formation can trigger the development of PCD. In this study, we characterize the pathomorphology of PCD and introduce a scoring system to describe its severity. Furthermore, we describe the histoanatomy of the junction between the pedicle and the surrounding skin-an area essential for the integrity of the integument-which, when compromised, may predispose cervids to PCD. Our findings suggest that the most common antler abnormality results from a pathological fracture associated with PCD, which can be further complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. PCD-related lesions, while less frequently observed, can also be identified in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), with species-specific differences. These findings overlap with cases reported in other cervid species, suggesting a more general disorder of antler formation. Describing this condition provides a basis for assessing its epidemiology and understanding its relevance to wildlife health. Antlers are the fastest regenerating bone tissue in the animal kingdom and serve as biological superstructures reflecting genetics, nutrition, environmental conditions, and the quality of wildlife management. The most common forms of antler abnormalities have traditionally been attributed to injuries sustained during mating fights. However, their pathological background has not been systematically investigated. By examining the skulls, pedicles, and antlers of three deer species, we identified a pathological condition—Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans (PCD)—with features overlapping previously reported cases in other cervids. Resembling chronic osteomyelitis, PCD likely arises from inflammation during antler casting and regrowth. We present a novel scoring system to assess the severity of lesions and offer detailed anatomical and pathological characterizations to aid diagnosis. Our findings challenge the long-held assumption that most antler deformities are trauma-related and highlight the need for standardized recognition and deeper investigation into deer health and antler biology. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gőbölös, Péter Karkas, Réka Sükösd, Farkas Erdélyi, Károly Horváth, Győző Szemethy, László Posta, Katalin Arany Tóth, Attila Sükösd, Ákos Szőke, Zsuzsanna Lakatos, István Ürmös, Ádám Palánki, Gábor Ferenczi, Szilamér Misó, Mihály Kovács, Ferenc |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary 12 Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary 5 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; karkas.reka@med.u-szeged.hu 2 Department of Regional Game Management, Ministry of Agriculture, 1052 Budapest, Hungary; istvan.lakatos@am.gov.hu (I.L.); ferenc.kovacs@am.gov.hu (F.K.) 4 Genome Integrity and DNA Repair Core Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 6728 Szeged, Hungary; adam.urmos@hcemm.eu 7 Gyulaj Forestry & Hunting Plc., 7090 Tamasi, Hungary; palanki@gyulajzrt.hu (G.P.); titkarsag@gyulaj.hu (P.G.) 11 Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary; posta.katalin@uni-mate.hu (K.P.); ferenczi.szilamer@koki.hun-ren.hu (S.F.) 3 Agrobiotechnology and |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; karkas.reka@med.u-szeged.hu – name: 10 Guth Forestry, NYÍRERDŐ Forestry Co., 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary; mihalym825@gmail.com – name: 3 Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary; ferenczine.szoke.zsuzsanna@uni-mate.hu – name: 9 HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; erdelyi.karoly@vmri.hun-ren.hu – name: 6 Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; sukosd.akos@semmelweis.hu – name: 8 Department of Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; aaranytoth@yahoo.com – name: 12 Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary – name: 2 Department of Regional Game Management, Ministry of Agriculture, 1052 Budapest, Hungary; istvan.lakatos@am.gov.hu (I.L.); ferenc.kovacs@am.gov.hu (F.K.) – name: 13 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; hgypte@gamma.ttk.pte.hu (G.H.); szemethy.laszlo@pte.hu (L.S.) – name: 11 Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary; posta.katalin@uni-mate.hu (K.P.); ferenczi.szilamer@koki.hun-ren.hu (S.F.) – name: 4 Genome Integrity and DNA Repair Core Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 6728 Szeged, Hungary; adam.urmos@hcemm.eu – name: 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary – name: 7 Gyulaj Forestry & Hunting Plc., 7090 Tamasi, Hungary; palanki@gyulajzrt.hu (G.P.); titkarsag@gyulaj.hu (P.G.) |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0147:AAAPOR>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/s11356-021-14538-6 10.1007/BF02318641 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00141.x 10.1660/062.122.0313 10.1002/jez.2451 10.2174/157488809789057446 10.1242/jeb.032292 10.1002/jez.a.352 10.1002/wsb.353 10.2307/1376120 10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.196 10.1076/ejom.41.1.23.28106 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00183-4 10.3390/ani14030420 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.06.007 10.1002/jmor.10273 10.1111/joa.12091 10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.460 10.1159/000300565 10.20944/preprints202401.1868.v1 10.1002/ar.a.10082 10.1016/B978-0-12-293080-5.50012-9 10.1007/978-1-4613-8966-8 10.1002/ar.a.20148 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9 10.7589/2014-05-129 10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.661 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.021 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115046 10.3390/ani15030409 10.1098/rsif.2008.0536 10.1038/231469a0 10.1097/01.blo.0000088564.81746.62 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)83926-4 |
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| Keywords | antler abnormality cervids fallow deer antler pathological fracture Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans |
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| SubjectTerms | 20th century Animal populations antler abnormality cervids Deer Diseases Epidemiology fallow deer antler Hungary Morphology Nutrition pathological fracture Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans United States |
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| Title | When Antlers Grow Abnormally: A Hidden Disease Behind Common Cervid Trophy Deformities, Introducing Pedunculitis Chronica Deformans |
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