Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network

To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of...

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Published in:Cognition Vol. 203; p. 104348
Main Authors: Fedorenko, Evelina, Blank, Idan Asher, Siegelman, Matthew, Mineroff, Zachary
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2020
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:
Brain
Brain mapping
Cognitive neuroscience
Common lands
Composition
Comprehension
Computational neuroscience
Experiments
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Information processing
Language
Language acquisition
Language architecture
Lexical semantics
Lexicon
Mathematical models
Meaning
Networks
Regions
Semantic processing
Semantics
Subsets
Syntactic complexity
Syntactic processing
Syntactic structures
Syntax
Violations
Word meaning
Composition
Language architecture
Cognitive neuroscience
Syntax
Lexical semantics
ISSN:0010-0277, 1873-7838, 1873-7838
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such “syntactic hub”, and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions—or even voxel subsets—within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language—to share meanings across minds.
AbstractList To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
ArticleNumber 104348
Author Fedorenko, Evelina
Mineroff, Zachary
Siegelman, Matthew
Blank, Idan Asher
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
5 Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
1 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
2 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4 Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
– name: 2 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
– name: 3 Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
– name: 4 Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
– name: 5 Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Evelina
  surname: Fedorenko
  fullname: Fedorenko, Evelina
  email: evelina9@mit.edu
  organization: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Idan Asher
  surname: Blank
  fullname: Blank, Idan Asher
  organization: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Matthew
  surname: Siegelman
  fullname: Siegelman, Matthew
  organization: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zachary
  surname: Mineroff
  fullname: Mineroff, Zachary
  organization: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569894$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Composition
Language architecture
Cognitive neuroscience
Syntax
Lexical semantics
Language English
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EF conceived and designed the study. All authors collected the data and performed first-level data analyses. IB performed second-level analyses. IB, EF, and MS created the figures. EF drafted the manuscript and IB provided critical revisions, with MS and ZM providing additional comments. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Author contributions
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PublicationTitle Cognition
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  issue: 2
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348_bb1100
  article-title: Continuity in lexical and morphological development: A test of the critical mass hypothesis
  publication-title: Journal of Child Language
  doi: 10.1017/S0305000900009302
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Snippet To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic...
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SubjectTerms Brain
Brain mapping
Cognitive neuroscience
Common lands
Composition
Comprehension
Computational neuroscience
Experiments
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Information processing
Language
Language acquisition
Language architecture
Lexical semantics
Lexicon
Mathematical models
Meaning
Networks
Regions
Semantic processing
Semantics
Subsets
Syntactic complexity
Syntactic processing
Syntactic structures
Syntax
Violations
Word meaning
Title Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569894
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Volume 203
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