Prevalence and risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders among migrant and refugee preschool children in high-income western countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Neurodevelopment is a complicated mechanism involving genetic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. Factors related to parental migration directly or indirectly affect their children’s neurodevelopmental process and may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Other factors, such as...

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Published in:PloS one Vol. 20; no. 11; p. e0314333
Main Authors: Rahaman, Kh Shafiur, Eapen, Valsamma, Subramanium, Mythily, John, James Rufus, Ekanayake, Kanchana, Arora, Amit
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.11.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Child development deviations
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Demographic aspects
Developed Countries
Developmental disabilities
Discrimination in medical care
Disorders
Distribution
Emotional behavior
Families & family life
Female
Health services
High income
Humanitarianism
Humans
Income
Language
Librarians
Medical examination
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Meta-analysis
Meta-Analysis as Topic
Migrants
Migration
Neurodevelopment
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders - epidemiology
Observational studies
Preschool children
Prevalence
Refugee children
Refugees
Refugees - psychology
Risk Factors
Social interactions
Socioeconomic factors
Subject heading schemes
Systematic review
Systematic Reviews as Topic
Transients and Migrants
Australia
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Neurodevelopment is a complicated mechanism involving genetic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. Factors related to parental migration directly or indirectly affect their children’s neurodevelopmental process and may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Other factors, such as barriers to accessing health services, social discrimination, mothers’ psychosocial health during pregnancy may disrupt the neurodevelopmental process and lead to disorders and disabilities among children of migrants. However, there is a gap in data on the prevalence and the risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders among migrant children, which have been inadequately listed. This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review to study and synthesise published evidence to ascertain the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders and risk factors leading to those groups of neurodevelopmental disorders among children of migrants in high-income Western countries. The protocol for this systematic review was developed with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. Observational studies that report on the prevalence and risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders among migrant young children under 5 years of age in high-income Western countries will be included in this study. Five electronic databases will be searched comprehensively (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus). Two reviewers will independently screen, select studies, assess the methodological quality, and extract all relevant data subsequently. The systematic review and meta-analysis will help design tailored interventions for migrant and refugee preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders and identify gaps from previous research to guide future research. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024589357).
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ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0314333