The enduring world forest carbon sink
The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change 1 . To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO 2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spannin...
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| Published in: | Nature (London) Vol. 631; no. 8021; pp. 563 - 569 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
18.07.2024
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change
1
. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO
2
uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr
−1
in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr
−1
in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (−36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (−31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased
2
, implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr
−1
in 1990–2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr
−1
in 1990–2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes
1
. To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices
1
,
3
.
Data from boreal, temperate and tropical forests over the past three decades reveal that the global forest carbon sink has remained steady during that time, despite considerable regional variation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The uptake of carbon dioxide (C02) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (-36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (-31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased2, implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes1. To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices1,3. The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change 1 . To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO 2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr −1 in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr −1 in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (−36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (−31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased 2 , implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr −1 in 1990–2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr −1 in 1990–2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes 1 . To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices 1 , 3 . Data from boreal, temperate and tropical forests over the past three decades reveal that the global forest carbon sink has remained steady during that time, despite considerable regional variation. The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (-36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (-31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased2, implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes1. To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices1,3.The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (-36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (-31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased2, implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes1. To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices1,3. The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO2 uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 +/- 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 +/- 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 +/- 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 +/- 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (-36 +/- 6%) and tropical intact (-31 +/- 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased2, implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 +/- 0.4 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 +/- 0.5 Pg C yr-1 in 1990-2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes1. To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices1,3.Data from boreal, temperate and tropical forests over the past three decades reveal that the global forest carbon sink has remained steady during that time, despite considerable regional variation. The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO ) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change . To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial CO uptake, we synthesized in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. We found that the carbon sink in global forests was steady, at 3.6 ± 0.4 Pg C yr in the 1990s and 2000s, and 3.5 ± 0.4 Pg C yr in the 2010s. Despite this global stability, our analysis revealed some major biome-level changes. Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 ± 5%) and tropical regrowth (+29 ± 8%) forests owing to increases in forest area, but they decreased in boreal (-36 ± 6%) and tropical intact (-31 ± 7%) forests, as a result of intensified disturbances and losses in intact forest area, respectively. Mass-balance studies indicate that the global land carbon sink has increased , implying an increase in the non-forest-land carbon sink. The global forest sink is equivalent to almost half of fossil-fuel emissions (7.8 ± 0.4 Pg C yr in 1990-2019). However, two-thirds of the benefit from the sink has been negated by tropical deforestation (2.2 ± 0.5 Pg C yr in 1990-2019). Although the global forest sink has endured undiminished for three decades, despite regional variations, it could be weakened by ageing forests, continuing deforestation and further intensification of disturbance regimes . To protect the carbon sink, land management policies are needed to limit deforestation, promote forest restoration and improve timber-harvesting practices . |
| Author | Lerink, Bas Keith, Heather Ito, Akihiko Hashimoto, Shoji Fang, Jingyun Kauppi, Pekka E. Pan, Yude Kurz, Werner A. Houghton, Richard A. Phillips, Oliver L. Castanho, Andrea Birdsey, Richard A. Lewis, Simon L. Murdiyarso, Daniel Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Shvidenko, Anatoly Schepaschenko, Dmitry |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yude orcidid: 0000-0002-1469-9348 surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Yude email: yude.pan@usda.gov organization: USDA Forest Service – sequence: 2 givenname: Richard A. orcidid: 0000-0003-4949-8607 surname: Birdsey fullname: Birdsey, Richard A. organization: Woodwell Climate Research Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Oliver L. orcidid: 0000-0002-8993-6168 surname: Phillips fullname: Phillips, Oliver L. organization: School of Geography, University of Leeds – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard A. orcidid: 0000-0002-3298-7028 surname: Houghton fullname: Houghton, Richard A. organization: Woodwell Climate Research Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Jingyun surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Jingyun organization: Peking University – sequence: 6 givenname: Pekka E. orcidid: 0000-0003-1735-756X surname: Kauppi fullname: Kauppi, Pekka E. organization: Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 7 givenname: Heather orcidid: 0000-0001-5956-7261 surname: Keith fullname: Keith, Heather organization: Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University – sequence: 8 givenname: Werner A. surname: Kurz fullname: Kurz, Werner A. organization: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – sequence: 9 givenname: Akihiko orcidid: 0000-0001-5265-0791 surname: Ito fullname: Ito, Akihiko organization: The University of Tokyo – sequence: 10 givenname: Simon L. orcidid: 0000-0002-8066-6851 surname: Lewis fullname: Lewis, Simon L. organization: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Department of Geography, University College London – sequence: 11 givenname: Gert-Jan orcidid: 0000-0002-9761-074X surname: Nabuurs fullname: Nabuurs, Gert-Jan organization: Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research – sequence: 12 givenname: Anatoly orcidid: 0000-0001-7640-2151 surname: Shvidenko fullname: Shvidenko, Anatoly organization: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) – sequence: 13 givenname: Shoji orcidid: 0000-0003-3022-7495 surname: Hashimoto fullname: Hashimoto, Shoji organization: The University of Tokyo, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute – sequence: 14 givenname: Bas orcidid: 0000-0003-3032-8042 surname: Lerink fullname: Lerink, Bas organization: Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research – sequence: 15 givenname: Dmitry orcidid: 0000-0002-7814-4990 surname: Schepaschenko fullname: Schepaschenko, Dmitry organization: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) – sequence: 16 givenname: Andrea orcidid: 0000-0002-0756-3952 surname: Castanho fullname: Castanho, Andrea organization: Woodwell Climate Research Center – sequence: 17 givenname: Daniel surname: Murdiyarso fullname: Murdiyarso, Daniel organization: Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Center for International Forestry Research – World Agroforestry |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39020035$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://res.slu.se/id/publ/131713$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet) |
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| Snippet | The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change
1
. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of... The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO ) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change . To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the... The uptake of carbon dioxide (C02) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the... The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change1. To provide a ground-based long-term assessment of the... |
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| StartPage | 563 |
| SubjectTerms | Balance studies Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Carbon Sequestration Carbon sinks Climate Change Conservation of Natural Resources Deforestation Disturbances Emissions Environmental restoration Environmental Sciences Forest management Forest Science Forestry Forests Fossil Fuels Humanities and Social Sciences Internationality Land management Mass balance Miljövetenskap multidisciplinary Regrowth Science Science (multidisciplinary) Skogsvetenskap Taiga Terrestrial ecosystems Trees - growth & development Trees - metabolism Tropical Climate |
| Title | The enduring world forest carbon sink |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-024-07602-x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39020035 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3089911224 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3082307580 https://res.slu.se/id/publ/131713 |
| Volume | 631 |
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