Lithe: Lightweight Secure CoAP for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide range of application scenarios with potentially critical actuating and sensing tasks, e.g., in the e-health domain. For communication at the application layer, resource-constrained devices are expected to employ the constrained application protocol (CoAP)...

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Published in:	IEEE sensors journal Vol. 13; no. 10; pp. 3711 - 3720
Main Authors:	Raza, Shahid, Shafagh, Hossein, Hewage, Kasun, Hummen, Rene, Voigt, Thiemo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.10.2013 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	6LoWPAN CoAP CoAPs Compressing Computer information security Computer Science Computer Science with specialization in Computer Communication datavetenskap Datavetenskap med inriktning mot datorkommunikation Devices DTLS Encoding Energy consumption Headers Internet Internet of Things IoT Payloads Protocols Security Sensors Studies Tasks TCP-IP
ISSN:	1530-437X, 1558-1748, 1558-1748
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Abstract	The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide range of application scenarios with potentially critical actuating and sensing tasks, e.g., in the e-health domain. For communication at the application layer, resource-constrained devices are expected to employ the constrained application protocol (CoAP) that is currently being standardized at the Internet Engineering Task Force. To protect the transmission of sensitive information, secure CoAP mandates the use of datagram transport layer security (DTLS) as the underlying security protocol for authenticated and confidential communication. DTLS, however, was originally designed for comparably powerful devices that are interconnected via reliable, high-bandwidth links. In this paper, we present Lithe-an integration of DTLS and CoAP for the IoT. With Lithe, we additionally propose a novel DTLS header compression scheme that aims to significantly reduce the energy consumption by leveraging the 6LoWPAN standard. Most importantly, our proposed DTLS header compression scheme does not compromise the end-to-end security properties provided by DTLS. Simultaneously, it considerably reduces the number of transmitted bytes while maintaining DTLS standard compliance. We evaluate our approach based on a DTLS implementation for the Contiki operating system. Our evaluation results show significant gains in terms of packet size, energy consumption, processing time, and network-wide response times when compressed DTLS is enabled.
AbstractList	The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide range of application scenarios with potentially critical actuating and sensing tasks, e.g., in the e-health domain. For communication at the application layer, resource-constrained devices are expected to employ the constrained application protocol (CoAP) that is currently being standardized at the Internet Engineering Task Force. To protect the transmission of sensitive information, secure CoAP mandates the use of datagram transport layer security (DTLS) as the underlying security protocol for authenticated and confidential communication. DTLS, however, was originally designed for comparably powerful devices that are interconnected via reliable, high-bandwidth links. In this paper, we present Lithe--an integration of DTLS and CoAP for the IoT. With Lithe, we additionally propose a novel DTLS header compression scheme that aims to significantly reduce the energy consumption by leveraging the 6LoWPAN standard. Most importantly, our proposed DTLS header compression scheme does not compromise the end-to-end security properties provided by DTLS. Simultaneously, it considerably reduces the number of transmitted bytes while maintaining DTLS standard compliance. We evaluate our approach based on a DTLS implementation for the Contiki operating system. Our evaluation results show significant gains in terms of packet size, energy consumption, processing time, and network-wide response times when compressed DTLS is enabled. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide range of application scenarios with potentially critical actuating and sensing tasks, e.g., in the e-health domain. For communication at the application layer, resource-constrained devices are expected to employ the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) that is currently being standardized at the IETF. To protect the transmission of sensitive information, secure CoAP (CoAPs) mandates the use of Datagram TLS (DTLS) as the underlying security protocol for authenticated and confidential communica- tion. DTLS, however, was originally designed for comparably powerful devices that are interconnected via reliable, high- bandwidth links. In this paper, we present Lithe – an integration of DTLS and CoAP for the IoT. With Lithe, we additionally propose a novel DTLS header compression scheme that aims to significantly reduce the header overhead of DTLS leveraging the 6LoWPAN standard. Most importantly, our proposed DTLS header com- pression scheme does not compromise the end-to-end security properties provided by DTLS. At the same time, it considerably reduces the number of transmitted bytes while maintaining DTLS standard compliance. We evaluate our approach based on a DTLS implementation for the Contiki operating system. Our evaluation results show significant gains in terms of packet size, energy consumption, processing time, and network-wide response times, when compressed DTLS is enabled.
Author	Raza, Shahid Hewage, Kasun Hummen, Rene Shafagh, Hossein Voigt, Thiemo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Shahid surname: Raza fullname: Raza, Shahid email: shahid@sics.se organization: SICS Swedish ICT, Kista, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Hossein surname: Shafagh fullname: Shafagh, Hossein email: hossein@sics.se organization: SICS Swedish ICT, Kista, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Kasun surname: Hewage fullname: Hewage, Kasun email: kasun.hewage@it.uu.se organization: Dept. of Inf. Technol., Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Rene surname: Hummen fullname: Hummen, Rene email: hummen@comsys.rwth-aachen.de organization: Commun. & Distrib. Syst., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Thiemo surname: Voigt fullname: Voigt, Thiemo email: thiemo@sics.se organization: SICS Swedish ICT, Kista, Sweden
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Title	Lithe: Lightweight Secure CoAP for the Internet of Things
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