Diagnosing air quality changes in the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown using TROPOMI and GEOS-Chem

The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satel...

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Published in:	Environmental research letters Vol. 16; no. 5; pp. 54031 - 54043
Main Authors:	Potts, Daniel A, Marais, Eloise A, Boesch, Hartmut, Pope, Richard J, Lee, James, Drysdale, Will, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Kerridge, Brian, Siddans, Richard, Moore, David P, Remedios, John
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Bristol IOP Publishing 01.05.2021
Subjects:	Air pollution Air pollution control Air quality Anthropogenic factors atmospheric chemistry modelling Chemical transport Coronaviruses COVID-19 Emissions Emissions control Meteorology Monitoring instruments Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ozone Particulate matter Pollution abatement satellite NO satellite NO2 Satellite observation Shelter in place Three dimensional models Troposphere United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:	1748-9326, 1748-9326
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Abstract	The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO 2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model to estimate that NO x emissions declined nationwide by ∼20% during the lockdown (23 March to 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range from 22% to 23% in the western portion of the country to 29% in the southeast and Manchester, and >40% in London. We apply a uniform 20% lockdown period emission reduction to GEOS-Chem anthropogenic emissions over the UK to determine that decline in lockdown emissions led to a national decline in PM 2.5 of 1.1 μ g m −3 , ranging from 0.6 μ g m −3 in Scotland to 2 μ g m −3 in the southwest. The decline in emissions in cities (>40%) is greater than the national average and causes an increase in ozone of ∼2 ppbv in London and Manchester. The change in ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations due to emission reductions alone is about half the total change from 2019 to 2020. This emphasizes the need to account for emissions and other factors, in particular meteorology, in future air pollution abatement strategies and regulatory action.
AbstractList	The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO 2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model to estimate that NO x emissions declined nationwide by ∼20% during the lockdown (23 March to 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range from 22% to 23% in the western portion of the country to 29% in the southeast and Manchester, and >40% in London. We apply a uniform 20% lockdown period emission reduction to GEOS-Chem anthropogenic emissions over the UK to determine that decline in lockdown emissions led to a national decline in PM 2.5 of 1.1 μ g m −3 , ranging from 0.6 μ g m −3 in Scotland to 2 μ g m −3 in the southwest. The decline in emissions in cities (>40%) is greater than the national average and causes an increase in ozone of ∼2 ppbv in London and Manchester. The change in ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations due to emission reductions alone is about half the total change from 2019 to 2020. This emphasizes the need to account for emissions and other factors, in particular meteorology, in future air pollution abatement strategies and regulatory action. The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO _2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model to estimate that NO _x emissions declined nationwide by ∼20% during the lockdown (23 March to 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range from 22% to 23% in the western portion of the country to 29% in the southeast and Manchester, and >40% in London. We apply a uniform 20% lockdown period emission reduction to GEOS-Chem anthropogenic emissions over the UK to determine that decline in lockdown emissions led to a national decline in PM _2.5 of 1.1 μ g m ^−3 , ranging from 0.6 μ g m ^−3 in Scotland to 2 μ g m ^−3 in the southwest. The decline in emissions in cities (>40%) is greater than the national average and causes an increase in ozone of ∼2 ppbv in London and Manchester. The change in ozone and PM _2.5 concentrations due to emission reductions alone is about half the total change from 2019 to 2020. This emphasizes the need to account for emissions and other factors, in particular meteorology, in future air pollution abatement strategies and regulatory action. The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model to estimate that NO x emissions declined nationwide by ∼20% during the lockdown (23 March to 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range from 22% to 23% in the western portion of the country to 29% in the southeast and Manchester, and >40% in London. We apply a uniform 20% lockdown period emission reduction to GEOS-Chem anthropogenic emissions over the UK to determine that decline in lockdown emissions led to a national decline in PM2.5 of 1.1 μg m−3, ranging from 0.6 μg m−3 in Scotland to 2 μg m−3 in the southwest. The decline in emissions in cities (>40%) is greater than the national average and causes an increase in ozone of ∼2 ppbv in London and Manchester. The change in ozone and PM2.5 concentrations due to emission reductions alone is about half the total change from 2019 to 2020. This emphasizes the need to account for emissions and other factors, in particular meteorology, in future air pollution abatement strategies and regulatory action.
Author	Kerridge, Brian Potts, Daniel A Boesch, Hartmut Moore, David P Lee, James Remedios, John Siddans, Richard Chipperfield, Martyn P Marais, Eloise A Pope, Richard J Drysdale, Will
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SubjectTerms	Air pollution Air pollution control Air quality Anthropogenic factors atmospheric chemistry modelling Chemical transport Coronaviruses COVID-19 Emissions Emissions control Meteorology Monitoring instruments Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ozone Particulate matter Pollution abatement satellite NO satellite NO2 Satellite observation Shelter in place Three dimensional models Troposphere
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Title	Diagnosing air quality changes in the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown using TROPOMI and GEOS-Chem
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