Prediction of concentration levels of metformin and other high consumption pharmaceuticals in wastewater and regional surface water based on sales data

Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepin...

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Published in:The Science of the total environment Vol. 442; pp. 380 - 388
Main Authors: Oosterhuis, Mathijs, Sacher, Frank, ter Laak, Thomas L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.01.2013
Elsevier
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ISSN:0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026
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Abstract Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31–138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64–98μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39–56μg/L and 1.8–3.9μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters. ► Regional sales relevant for monitoring and emission prediction of pharmaceuticals ► Metformin concentrations are 80μg/L and 1μg/L in wastewater and effluent respectively. ► 82% of metformin in wastewater recovered as guanylurea in effluent. ► Significant better removal at higher temperatures for 4 of 9 pharmaceuticals ► Significant better removal at higher HRTs for 3 of 9 pharmaceuticals
AbstractList Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31-138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64-98 μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39-56 μg/L and 1.8-3.9 μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters.Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31-138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64-98 μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39-56 μg/L and 1.8-3.9 μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters.
Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31–138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64–98μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39–56μg/L and 1.8–3.9μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters.
Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31-138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64-98 μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39-56 μg/L and 1.8-3.9 μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters.
Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high consumption pharmaceuticals: metformin, metoprolol, sotalol, losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac and carbamazepine, predicted emissions were compared to wastewater concentrations, removal in sewage treatment plants and recovery in regional surface water. The study shows that local consumption data can be very useful to select pharmaceuticals for monitoring and to predict wastewater concentrations. Measured influent concentrations were on average 78% with a range of 31–138% of predicted influent concentrations. Metformin is the pharmaceutical with the highest concentration in wastewater (64–98μg/L) but it is removed with >98% in sewage treatment plants (STP). Guanylurea, a biodegradation product of metformin, was detected in STP effluents and surface waters at concentrations of 39–56μg/L and 1.8–3.9μg/L, respectively. The STP removal of the different pharmaceuticals varied strongly. For carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide and sotalol a significant better removal was found at higher temperatures and longer hydraulic retention times while for metoprolol significantly better removal was only observed at higher temperatures. Predicting environmental concentrations from regional consumption data might be an alternative to monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface waters. ► Regional sales relevant for monitoring and emission prediction of pharmaceuticals ► Metformin concentrations are 80μg/L and 1μg/L in wastewater and effluent respectively. ► 82% of metformin in wastewater recovered as guanylurea in effluent. ► Significant better removal at higher temperatures for 4 of 9 pharmaceuticals ► Significant better removal at higher HRTs for 3 of 9 pharmaceuticals
Author Oosterhuis, Mathijs
ter Laak, Thomas L.
Sacher, Frank
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  surname: Sacher
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  givenname: Thomas L.
  surname: ter Laak
  fullname: ter Laak, Thomas L.
  organization: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-c1e993787dfd0e178b683d527b9e9e6948045ca1d665fb9676d6ff89aa9d5db73
ISICitedReferencesCount 214
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000313918200043&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0048-9697
1879-1026
IngestDate Sat Sep 27 23:08:05 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 13:52:19 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:07:21 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 09:16:16 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:08:43 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:26:05 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:23:04 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Guanylurea
Regional surface water
Metformin
Consumption based monitoring
Wastewater
Pharmaceuticals
Drug
Urine
Biological fluid
Elimination
Prediction
Waste water
Hypoglycemic agent
Sales
Surface water
Water quality
Emerging pollutant
Water pollution
Daily dose
Monitoring
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c500t-c1e993787dfd0e178b683d527b9e9e6948045ca1d665fb9676d6ff89aa9d5db73
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
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content type line 23
PMID 23183121
PQID 1273594033
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 9
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pascalfrancis_primary_26902100
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2012_10_046
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2012_10_046
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2012_10_046
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2013-01-01
2013-01-00
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PublicationTitle The Science of the total environment
PublicationTitleAlternate Sci Total Environ
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Elsevier
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Snippet Local consumption data of pharmaceuticals were used to study the emission to wastewater and surface waters in two small Dutch water catchments. For nine high...
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StartPage 380
SubjectTerms Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding
analysis
Applied sciences
biodegradation
Biological and medical sciences
chemistry
Consumption based monitoring
Continental surface waters
economics
effluents
emissions
Environment. Living conditions
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data
Exact sciences and technology
Forecasting
Fresh Water
Fresh Water - chemistry
Guanylurea
hydrochlorothiazide
Marketing
Medical sciences
Metformin
Metformin - analysis
Metformin - economics
methods
monitoring
Natural water pollution
Netherlands
Other wastewaters
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis
Pharmaceutical Preparations - economics
Pharmaceuticals
Pollution
prediction
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Regional surface water
sewage treatment
statistics & numerical data
surface water
temperature
Waste Water - chemistry
Wastewater
Wastewaters
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water treatment and pollution
watersheds
Title Prediction of concentration levels of metformin and other high consumption pharmaceuticals in wastewater and regional surface water based on sales data
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.046
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23183121
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1273594033
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1365049135
Volume 442
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