Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution

Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive material due to its biocompatibility and ability to form hydrogels, its slow and uncontrollable degradation can be an undesirable feature. I...

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Vydané v:	Biomaterials Ročník 26; číslo 15; s. 2455 - 2465
Hlavní autori:	Boontheekul, Tanyarut, Kong, Hyun-Joon, Mooney, David J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2005
Predmet:	Alginates - analysis Alginates - chemistry Animals Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - analysis Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Calcium - chemistry Calcium cross-linking Cell Adhesion - physiology Cell Culture Techniques - methods Cell Differentiation - physiology Cell Line Chain scission Compressive Strength Elasticity Glucuronic Acid - analysis Glucuronic Acid - chemistry Hexuronic Acids - analysis Hexuronic Acids - chemistry Hydrogels - analysis Hydrogels - chemistry Materials Testing Mice Molecular Weight Myoblasts Myoblasts - cytology Myoblasts - physiology Oxidation-Reduction Porosity Tensile Strength Tissue engineering Tissue Engineering - methods Chain scission Biocompatibility Tissue engineering Calcium cross-linking Myoblasts
ISSN:	0142-9612, 1878-5905
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive material due to its biocompatibility and ability to form hydrogels, its slow and uncontrollable degradation can be an undesirable feature. In this study, we characterized gels formed using a combination of partial oxidation of polymer chains and a bimodal molecular weight distribution of polymer. Specifically, alginates were partially oxidized to a theoretical extent of 1% with sodium periodate, which created acetal groups susceptible to hydrolysis. The ratio of low MW to high MW alginates used to form gels was also varied, while maintaining the gel forming ability of the polymer. The rate of degradation was found to be controlled by both the oxidation and the ratio of high to low MW alginates, as monitored by the reduction of mechanical properties and corresponding number of crosslinks, dry weight loss, and molecular weight decrease. It was subsequently examined whether these modifications would lead to reduced biocompatibility by culturing C2C12 myoblast on these gels. Myoblasts adhered, proliferated, and differentiated on the modified gels at a comparable rate as those cultured on the unmodified gels. Altogether, this data indicates these hydrogels exhibit tunable degradation rates and provide a powerful material system for tissue engineering.
AbstractList	Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive material due to its biocompatibility and ability to form hydrogels, its slow and uncontrollable degradation can be an undesirable feature. In this study, we characterized gels formed using a combination of partial oxidation of polymer chains and a bimodal molecular weight distribution of polymer. Specifically, alginates were partially oxidized to a theoretical extent of 1% with sodium periodate, which created acetal groups susceptible to hydrolysis. The ratio of low MW to high MW alginates used to form gels was also varied, while maintaining the gel forming ability of the polymer. The rate of degradation was found to be controlled by both the oxidation and the ratio of high to low MW alginates, as monitored by the reduction of mechanical properties and corresponding number of crosslinks, dry weight loss, and molecular weight decrease. It was subsequently examined whether these modifications would lead to reduced biocompatibility by culturing C2C12 myoblast on these gels. Myoblasts adhered, proliferated, and differentiated on the modified gels at a comparable rate as those cultured on the unmodified gels. Altogether, this data indicates these hydrogels exhibit tunable degradation rates and provide a powerful material system for tissue engineering. Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive material due to its biocompatibility and ability to form hydrogels, its slow and uncontrollable degradation can be an undesirable feature. In this study, we characterized gels formed using a combination of partial oxidation of polymer chains and a bimodal molecular weight distribution of polymer. Specifically, alginates were partially oxidized to a theoretical extent of 1% with sodium periodate, which created acetal groups susceptible to hydrolysis. The ratio of low MW to high MW alginates used to form gels was also varied, while maintaining the gel forming ability of the polymer. The rate of degradation was found to be controlled by both the oxidation and the ratio of high to low MW alginates, as monitored by the reduction of mechanical properties and corresponding number of crosslinks, dry weight loss, and molecular weight decrease. It was subsequently examined whether these modifications would lead to reduced biocompatibility by culturing C2C12 myoblast on these gels. Myoblasts adhered, proliferated, and differentiated on the modified gels at a comparable rate as those cultured on the unmodified gels. Altogether, this data indicates these hydrogels exhibit tunable degradation rates and provide a powerful material system for tissue engineering.Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive material due to its biocompatibility and ability to form hydrogels, its slow and uncontrollable degradation can be an undesirable feature. In this study, we characterized gels formed using a combination of partial oxidation of polymer chains and a bimodal molecular weight distribution of polymer. Specifically, alginates were partially oxidized to a theoretical extent of 1% with sodium periodate, which created acetal groups susceptible to hydrolysis. The ratio of low MW to high MW alginates used to form gels was also varied, while maintaining the gel forming ability of the polymer. The rate of degradation was found to be controlled by both the oxidation and the ratio of high to low MW alginates, as monitored by the reduction of mechanical properties and corresponding number of crosslinks, dry weight loss, and molecular weight decrease. It was subsequently examined whether these modifications would lead to reduced biocompatibility by culturing C2C12 myoblast on these gels. Myoblasts adhered, proliferated, and differentiated on the modified gels at a comparable rate as those cultured on the unmodified gels. Altogether, this data indicates these hydrogels exhibit tunable degradation rates and provide a powerful material system for tissue engineering.
Author	Kong, Hyun-Joon Boontheekul, Tanyarut Mooney, David J.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tanyarut surname: Boontheekul fullname: Boontheekul, Tanyarut organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Hyun-Joon surname: Kong fullname: Kong, Hyun-Joon organization: Department of Biologic & Materials Science, 1011 North University Avenue, Room 5213 Dental Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David J. surname: Mooney fullname: Mooney, David J. email: mooneyd@umich.edu organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585248$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Degradability is often a critical property of materials utilized in tissue engineering. Although alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is an attractive...
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SubjectTerms	Alginates - analysis Alginates - chemistry Animals Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - analysis Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Calcium - chemistry Calcium cross-linking Cell Adhesion - physiology Cell Culture Techniques - methods Cell Differentiation - physiology Cell Line Chain scission Compressive Strength Elasticity Glucuronic Acid - analysis Glucuronic Acid - chemistry Hexuronic Acids - analysis Hexuronic Acids - chemistry Hydrogels - analysis Hydrogels - chemistry Materials Testing Mice Molecular Weight Myoblasts Myoblasts - cytology Myoblasts - physiology Oxidation-Reduction Porosity Tensile Strength Tissue engineering Tissue Engineering - methods
Title	Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution
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