Dormancy cycling in Arabidopsis seeds is controlled by seasonally distinct hormone-signaling pathways
Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a...
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| Vydáno v: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 108; číslo 50; s. 20236 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
13.12.2011
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| ISSN: | 1091-6490, 1091-6490 |
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| Abstract | Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of Arabidopsis seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis (NCED6) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism (GA2ox2) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and DOG1 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of ABI2, ABI4, and ABA catabolism (CYP707A2) and GA synthesis (GA3ox1) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors RGA and RGL2 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year. |
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| AbstractList | Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of Arabidopsis seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis (NCED6) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism (GA2ox2) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and DOG1 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of ABI2, ABI4, and ABA catabolism (CYP707A2) and GA synthesis (GA3ox1) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors RGA and RGL2 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year. Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of Arabidopsis seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis (NCED6) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism (GA2ox2) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and DOG1 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of ABI2, ABI4, and ABA catabolism (CYP707A2) and GA synthesis (GA3ox1) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors RGA and RGL2 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year.Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of Arabidopsis seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis (NCED6) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism (GA2ox2) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and DOG1 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of ABI2, ABI4, and ABA catabolism (CYP707A2) and GA synthesis (GA3ox1) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors RGA and RGL2 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year. |
| Author | Clay, Heather Finch-Savage, William E Footitt, Steven Douterelo-Soler, Isabel |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Steven surname: Footitt fullname: Footitt, Steven organization: School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Isabel surname: Douterelo-Soler fullname: Douterelo-Soler, Isabel – sequence: 3 givenname: Heather surname: Clay fullname: Clay, Heather – sequence: 4 givenname: William E surname: Finch-Savage fullname: Finch-Savage, William E |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22128331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References_xml | – reference: 16920880 - Plant Physiol. 2006 Oct;142(2):509-25 – reference: 17065317 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 7;103(45):17042-7 – reference: 12410810 - Plant J. 2002 Nov;32(3):317-28 – reference: 20345608 - Plant J. 2010 Jun 1;62(6):936-47 – reference: 12068122 - Plant Physiol. 2002 Jun;129(2):823-37 – reference: 15047896 - Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;134(4):1598-613 – reference: 15060827 - Planta. 2004 Jul;219(3):479-88 – reference: 16844907 - Plant Cell. 2006 Aug;18(8):1887-99 – reference: 16866955 - New Phytol. 2006;171(3):501-23 – reference: 21803937 - Plant Cell. 2011 Jul;23(7):2568-80 – reference: 20093430 - Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Jun;27(6):1247-56 – reference: 19564609 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 14;106(28):11661-6 – reference: 19244139 - Plant Cell. 2009 Feb;21(2):403-19 – reference: 20023197 - Plant Cell. 2009 Dec;21(12):3803-22 – reference: 21740475 - Mol Ecol. 2011 Aug;20(16):3336-49 – reference: 18422904 - New Phytol. 2008;179(1):33-54 – reference: 21896881 - Plant Cell. 2011 Sep;23(9):3215-29 – reference: 20551347 - Plant Cell. 2010 Jun;22(6):1733-48 – reference: 18257711 - Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:387-415 – reference: 16709196 - Plant J. 2006 Jun;46(5):805-22 – reference: 18590820 - Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2008 Aug;18(4):295-303 – reference: 18028281 - Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(2):214-24 – reference: 17461781 - Plant J. 2007 Jul;51(1):60-78 – reference: 16665951 - Plant Physiol. 1988 Feb;86(2):591-7 – reference: 18410483 - Plant J. 2008 Aug;55(3):372-81 – reference: 16303558 - Curr Biol. 2005 Nov 22;15(22):1998-2006 – reference: 19074630 - Plant Physiol. 2009 Feb;149(2):949-60 |
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| Snippet | Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The... |
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| SubjectTerms | Arabidopsis - drug effects Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - physiology Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects Nitrates - pharmacology Plant Dormancy - drug effects Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology Seasons Seeds - drug effects Seeds - physiology Signal Transduction - drug effects Time Factors |
| Title | Dormancy cycling in Arabidopsis seeds is controlled by seasonally distinct hormone-signaling pathways |
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