Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends

•Metal recovery from low-grade resources evolves towards near-zero-waste processing.•A novel metallurgical toolbox concept is proposed to process low-grade ores.•Novel process techniques are discussed.•Low-grade ore processing requires new circular economy business models. With an increasing number...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Resources, conservation and recycling Vol. 160; p. 104919
Main Authors:	Spooren, Jeroen, Binnemans, Koen, Björkmalm, Johanna, Breemersch, Koen, Dams, Yoko, Folens, Karel, González-Moya, María, Horckmans, Liesbeth, Komnitsas, Konstantinos, Kurylak, Witold, Lopez, Maria, Mäkinen, Jarno, Onisei, Silviana, Oorts, Koen, Peys, Arne, Pietek, Grzegorz, Pontikes, Yiannis, Snellings, Ruben, Tripiana, María, Varia, Jeet, Willquist, Karin, Yurramendi, Lourdes, Kinnunen, Päivi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01.09.2020
Subjects:	Circular economy Costs Critical raw materials Europe goethite In-process technology jarosite landfills Low-grade ores Metal extractions Metal recovery Metallurgical systems Metals Mineral materials Mineral processing Mineral resources municipal solid waste Near-zero-waste neutralization Ore treatment Ores policy implementation policy making Raw materials Recycling Secondary Raw Materials Slags sludge Soils supply chain Technology development waste disposal waste technology Waste treatment Europe Circular economy Recycling Critical raw materials Low-grade ores Metals Near-zero-waste
ISSN:	0921-3449, 1879-0658, 1879-0658
Online Access:	Get full text
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