Dietary habits and vaginal environment: can a beneficial impact be expected?

In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional st...

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Published in:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Vol. 15; p. 1582283
Main Authors: Djusse, Marielle Ezekielle, Prinelli, Federica, Camboni, Tania, Ceccarani, Camilla, Consolandi, Clarissa, Conti, Silvia, Dall’Asta, Margherita, Danesi, Francesca, Laghi, Luca, Curatolo, Francesco Matteo, Morselli, Sara, Foschi, Claudio, Castellano, Paola, Marangoni, Antonella, Severgnini, Marco
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Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 18.06.2025
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Abstract In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders. For each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire. We found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the 'less-protective' species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp. We highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by 'protective' Lactobacillus species.
AbstractList Introduction: In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders.Methods: For each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire.Results: We found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the ‘less-protective’ species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp.Discussion: We highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by ‘protective’ Lactobacillus species.
IntroductionIn reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders.MethodsFor each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire.ResultsWe found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the ‘less-protective’ species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp.DiscussionWe highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by ‘protective’ Lactobacillus species.
In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders.IntroductionIn reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders.For each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire.MethodsFor each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire.We found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the 'less-protective' species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp.ResultsWe found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the 'less-protective' species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp.We highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by 'protective' Lactobacillus species.DiscussionWe highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by 'protective' Lactobacillus species.
In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various factors affecting the composition of the vaginal ecosystem, the impact of dietary habits has rarely been explored. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we assessed the role of macronutrient intake on the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of 113 young women, independently from potential confounders. For each subject, we characterized (i) the vaginal bacterial community-state type (CST) by 16S rRNA gene profiling, (ii) the vagina lmetabolic profile by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and (iii) the energy, nutrient and alcohol intake through a validated food frequency questionnaire. We found that the increase in animal protein intake, mainly derived from red and processed meat, was positively associated with the dysbiotic condition of CST IV and, similarly, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the levels of Gardnerella spp. and Ureaplasma spp. On the other hand, we noticed a beneficial effect of a-linolenic acid, with its increase inversely associated with CST III, dominated by the 'less-protective' species Lactobacillus iners. Moreover, linolenic acid was related to the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, in turn related tovarious vaginal metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactate and several amino acids. Total carbohydrates, vegetable proteins, total fiber, and starch were negatively correlated with Gardnerella spp. We highlighted that specific dietary habits (i.e., reduced consumption of alcohol and animal proteins, higher intake of linolenic acid) can have a beneficial impact on the vaginal environment, through the maintenance of a microbiota mainly dominated by 'protective' Lactobacillus species.
Author Conti, Silvia
Ceccarani, Camilla
Dall’Asta, Margherita
Laghi, Luca
Consolandi, Clarissa
Danesi, Francesca
Castellano, Paola
Prinelli, Federica
Curatolo, Francesco Matteo
Marangoni, Antonella
Camboni, Tania
Morselli, Sara
Djusse, Marielle Ezekielle
Foschi, Claudio
Severgnini, Marco
AuthorAffiliation 1 Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Bologna ,  Italy
8 Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna , Cesena ,  Italy
4 National Biodiversity Future Center S.c.a.r.l. , Palermo ,  Italy
2 International PhD College, Collegio Superiore of Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna ,  Italy
6 Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore , Piacenza ,  Italy
5 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara ,  Italy
9 Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna , Cesena ,  Italy
7 Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna , Cesena ,  Italy
3 Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council , Segrate ,  Italy
10 Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Uni
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40606634$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright Copyright © 2025 Djusse, Prinelli, Camboni, Ceccarani, Consolandi, Conti, Dall’Asta, Danesi, Laghi, Curatolo, Morselli, Foschi, Castellano, Marangoni and Severgnini.
2025. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright © 2025 Djusse, Prinelli, Camboni, Ceccarani, Consolandi, Conti, Dall’Asta, Danesi, Laghi, Curatolo, Morselli, Foschi, Castellano, Marangoni and Severgnini 2025 Djusse, Prinelli, Camboni, Ceccarani, Consolandi, Conti, Dall’Asta, Danesi, Laghi, Curatolo, Morselli, Foschi, Castellano, Marangoni and Severgnini
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Keywords macronutrients
vaginal microbiota
women’s health
diet
metabolome
Language English
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Edited by: Leonardo Mancabelli, University of Parma, Italy
Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Reviewed by: Andrea Carolina Entrocassi, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share last authorship
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-06-18
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-06-18
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-06-18
  day: 18
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Lausanne
PublicationTitle Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Cell Infect Microbiol
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Frontiers Media SA
Frontiers Media S.A
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– name: Frontiers Media S.A
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SSID ssj0000702893
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Snippet In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the various...
Introduction: In reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the...
IntroductionIn reproductive-aged women, a vaginal microbiota dominated by several Lactobacillus species is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. Among the...
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StartPage 1582283
SubjectTerms Adult
Antibiotics
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Carbohydrates
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diagnostic tests
Diet
Feeding Behavior
Female
Food intake
Food sources
Genomes
Humans
Infections
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus - classification
Lactobacillus - genetics
Lactobacillus - isolation & purification
Linolenic acid
macronutrients
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Marital status
metabolome
Microbiota
Pregnancy
Questionnaires
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
rRNA 16S
Spectrum analysis
Taxonomy
Vagina
Vagina - microbiology
vaginal microbiota
Womens health
women’s health
Young Adult
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Title Dietary habits and vaginal environment: can a beneficial impact be expected?
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40606634
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3266995503
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12213695
https://doaj.org/article/ef2ceda4cc98427297b76f6a0e89956c
Volume 15
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