Applied biocatalysis beyond just buffers - from aqueous to unconventional media. Options and guidelines
In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industriall...
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| Published in: | Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 23; no. 9; p. 3191 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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England
11.05.2021
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| ISSN: | 1463-9262 |
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| Abstract | In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industrially relevant compounds, an aqueous reaction system will often not be able to provide sufficient substrate loadings. A switch to a non-aqueous solvent system can provide a solution, which is already common for lipases, but more challenging for biocatalysts from other enzyme classes. The choices in solvent types and systems, however, can be overwhelming. Furthermore, some engineering of the protein structure of biocatalyst formulation is required. In this review, a guide for those working with biocatalysts, who look for a way to increase their reaction productivity, is presented. Examples reported clearly show that bulk water is not necessarily required for biocatalytic reactions and that clever solvent systems design can support increased product concentrations thereby decreasing waste formation. Additionally, under these conditions, enzymes can also be combined in cascades with other, water-sensitive, chemical catalysts. Finally, we show that the application of non-aqueous solvents in biocatalysis can actually lead to more sustainable processes. At the hand of flowcharts, following simple questions, one can quickly find what solvent systems are viable. |
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| AbstractList | In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industrially relevant compounds, an aqueous reaction system will often not be able to provide sufficient substrate loadings. A switch to a non-aqueous solvent system can provide a solution, which is already common for lipases, but more challenging for biocatalysts from other enzyme classes. The choices in solvent types and systems, however, can be overwhelming. Furthermore, some engineering of the protein structure of biocatalyst formulation is required. In this review, a guide for those working with biocatalysts, who look for a way to increase their reaction productivity, is presented. Examples reported clearly show that bulk water is not necessarily required for biocatalytic reactions and that clever solvent systems design can support increased product concentrations thereby decreasing waste formation. Additionally, under these conditions, enzymes can also be combined in cascades with other, water-sensitive, chemical catalysts. Finally, we show that the application of non-aqueous solvents in biocatalysis can actually lead to more sustainable processes. At the hand of flowcharts, following simple questions, one can quickly find what solvent systems are viable.In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industrially relevant compounds, an aqueous reaction system will often not be able to provide sufficient substrate loadings. A switch to a non-aqueous solvent system can provide a solution, which is already common for lipases, but more challenging for biocatalysts from other enzyme classes. The choices in solvent types and systems, however, can be overwhelming. Furthermore, some engineering of the protein structure of biocatalyst formulation is required. In this review, a guide for those working with biocatalysts, who look for a way to increase their reaction productivity, is presented. Examples reported clearly show that bulk water is not necessarily required for biocatalytic reactions and that clever solvent systems design can support increased product concentrations thereby decreasing waste formation. Additionally, under these conditions, enzymes can also be combined in cascades with other, water-sensitive, chemical catalysts. Finally, we show that the application of non-aqueous solvents in biocatalysis can actually lead to more sustainable processes. At the hand of flowcharts, following simple questions, one can quickly find what solvent systems are viable. In nature, enzymes conventionally operate under aqueous conditions. Because of this, aqueous buffers are often the choice for reaction media when enzymes are applied in chemical synthesis. However, to meet the demands of an industrial application, due to the poor water solubility of many industrially relevant compounds, an aqueous reaction system will often not be able to provide sufficient substrate loadings. A switch to a non-aqueous solvent system can provide a solution, which is already common for lipases, but more challenging for biocatalysts from other enzyme classes. The choices in solvent types and systems, however, can be overwhelming. Furthermore, some engineering of the protein structure of biocatalyst formulation is required. In this review, a guide for those working with biocatalysts, who look for a way to increase their reaction productivity, is presented. Examples reported clearly show that bulk water is not necessarily required for biocatalytic reactions and that clever solvent systems design can support increased product concentrations thereby decreasing waste formation. Additionally, under these conditions, enzymes can also be combined in cascades with other, water-sensitive, chemical catalysts. Finally, we show that the application of non-aqueous solvents in biocatalysis can actually lead to more sustainable processes. At the hand of flowcharts, following simple questions, one can quickly find what solvent systems are viable. |
| Author | Bocola, Marco Domínguez de María, Pablo van Schie, Morten M C H Spöring, Jan-Dirk Rother, Dörte |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Morten M C H surname: van Schie fullname: van Schie, Morten M C H email: do.rother@fz-juelich.de organization: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany do.rother@fz-juelich.de – sequence: 2 givenname: Jan-Dirk orcidid: 0000-0002-5656-3537 surname: Spöring fullname: Spöring, Jan-Dirk email: do.rother@fz-juelich.de organization: Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Marco surname: Bocola fullname: Bocola, Marco organization: Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH Neusser Str. 39 40219 Düsseldorf Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Pablo surname: Domínguez de María fullname: Domínguez de María, Pablo organization: Sustainable Momentum SL. Av. Ansite 3 4-6. 35011 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Is. Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: Dörte orcidid: 0000-0002-2339-4431 surname: Rother fullname: Rother, Dörte email: do.rother@fz-juelich.de organization: Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093084$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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