Evaluating Socratic inquiry, reflection and argumentation as strategies for critical thinking

Background Rapid technological advancements, the ageing population and the complex disease management processes significantly change the healthcare environment, fostering a dire need for nurses who can think critically. Critical thinking (CT) is foundational to clinical competency. However, there is...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curationis (Pretoria) Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. e1 - e8
Main Authors: Malape, Glen T., Makhene, Agnes, Mutava, Eunice
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: South Africa AOSIS 17.09.2025
African Online Scientific Information Systems (Pty) Ltd t/a AOSIS
AOSIS (Pty) Ltd
Subjects:
Adult
argumentation
Clinical Competence - standards
Critical thinking
Curricula
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate - methods
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate - standards
Educational objectives
evaluation
facilitate
Female
Higher education
Humans
implementation
Learning activities
Lesson plans
Likert scale
Male
Midwifery
Nurses
Nursing care
Nursing education
reflection
Skills
socratic inquiry
Students
Students, Nursing - psychology
Students, Nursing - statistics & numerical data
Thinking
South Africa
Connecticut
evaluation
facilitate
critical thinking
argumentation
reflection
implementation
socratic inquiry
nursing education
ISSN:0379-8577, 2223-6279, 2223-6279
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Background Rapid technological advancements, the ageing population and the complex disease management processes significantly change the healthcare environment, fostering a dire need for nurses who can think critically. Critical thinking (CT) is foundational to clinical competency. However, there is a shortage of evidence on the identification of the most suitable pedagogies to promote CT. Objectives This article aims to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of Socratic inquiry, reflection and argumentation as CT facilitation strategies in nursing education. Method A quantitative, quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test research design was used. Thirty-two student nurses were selected through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric (HCTSR) and analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics, using the SPSS software version 28.0. Results The results showed that the three strategies were successful in promoting CT. Overall, Socratic inquiry, reflection and argumentation were effective in enhancing students’ CT; five of the six domains of CT saw a statistically significant improvement following the implementation of the three facilitation strategies. Conclusion Socratic inquiry, reflection and argumentation are effective pedagogies for the facilitation of nursing students’ CT. Evidenced by improved post-test means of all CT attributes and statistically significant improvements in five of the six CT competencies. Contribution The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of Socratic inquiry, reflection and argumentation in enhancing nursing students’ CT. The study also makes recommendations on the improvement of nursing practice, education and policy development, to foster a system that will create nurses who can think critically to enhance patient outcomes.
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ISSN:0379-8577
2223-6279
2223-6279
DOI:10.4102/curationis.v48i1.2691