High spatial resolution artificial vision inferred from the spiking output of retinal ganglion cells stimulated by optogenetic and electrical means

With vision impairment affecting millions of people world-wide, various strategies aiming at vision restoration are being undertaken. Thanks to decades of extensive research, electrical stimulation approaches to vision restoration began to undergo clinical trials. Quite recently, another technique e...

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Published in:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Vol. 16; p. 1033738
Main Authors: Cojocaru, Andreea Elena, Corna, Andrea, Reh, Miriam, Zeck, Günther
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 09.12.2022
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects:
Cellular Neuroscience
channelrhodopsin-2
Clinical trials
CMOS
CMOS-based microelectrode array
Computer applications
Electrical stimuli
Electrodes
epiretinal electrical stimulation
FDA approval
Firing pattern
optogenetics
Photoreceptors
Retina
retinal ganglion cell
Retinal ganglion cells
Sensors
Spatial discrimination
Transgenic animals
Transgenic mice
Transplants & implants
Vision
France
Austria
epiretinal electrical stimulation
CMOS-based microelectrode array
channelrhodopsin-2
retinal ganglion cell
optogenetics
ISSN:1662-5102, 1662-5102
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:With vision impairment affecting millions of people world-wide, various strategies aiming at vision restoration are being undertaken. Thanks to decades of extensive research, electrical stimulation approaches to vision restoration began to undergo clinical trials. Quite recently, another technique employing optogenetic therapy emerged as a possible alternative. Both artificial vision restoration strategies reported poor spatial resolution so far. In this article, we compared the spatial resolution inferred ex vivo under ideal conditions using a computational model analysis of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) spiking activity. The RGC spiking was stimulated in epiretinal configuration by either optogenetic or electrical means. RGCs activity was recorded from the ex vivo retina of transgenic late-stage photoreceptor-degenerated mice (rd10) using a high-density Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based microelectrode array. The majority of retinal samples were stimulated by both, optogenetic and electrical stimuli using a spatial grating stimulus. A population-level analysis of the spiking activity of identified RGCs was performed and the spatial resolution achieved through electrical and optogenetic photo-stimulation was inferred using a support vector machine classifier. The best f 1 score of the classifier for the electrical stimulation in epiretinal configuration was 86% for 32 micron wide gratings and increased to 100% for 128 microns. For optogenetically activated cells, we obtained high f 1 scores of 82% for 10 microns grid width for a photo-stimulation frequency of 2.5 Hz and 73% for a photo-stimulation frequency of 10 Hz. A subsequent analysis, considering only the RGCs modulated in both electrical and optogenetic stimulation protocols revealed no significant difference in the prediction accuracy between the two stimulation modalities. The results presented here indicate that a high spatial resolution can be achieved for electrical or optogenetic artificial stimulation using the activated retinal ganglion cell output.
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Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cellular Neurophysiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Reviewed by: Jae-Ik Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; James Weiland, University of Michigan, United States
Edited by: Yael Hanein, Tel Aviv University, Israel
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2022.1033738