An immune-based biomarker signature is associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients

Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility of specific immune-based biomarkers to predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels of 6...

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Veröffentlicht in:JCI insight Jg. 6; H. 1
Hauptverfasser: Abers, Michael S., Delmonte, Ottavia M., Ricotta, Emily E., Fintzi, Jonathan, Fink, Danielle L., de Jesus, Adriana A. Almeida, Zarember, Kol A., Alehashemi, Sara, Oikonomou, Vasileios, Desai, Jigar V., Canna, Scott W., Shakoory, Bita, Dobbs, Kerry, Imberti, Luisa, Sottini, Alessandra, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Castelli, Francesco, Rossi, Camillo, Brugnoni, Duilio, Biondi, Andrea, Bettini, Laura Rachele, D’Angio’, Mariella, Bonfanti, Paolo, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Montagna, Daniela, Licari, Amelia, Marseglia, Gian Luigi, Gliniewicz, Emily F., Shaw, Elana, Kahle, Dana E., Rastegar, Andre T., Stack, Michael, Myint-Hpu, Katherine, Levinson, Susan L., DiNubile, Mark J., Chertow, Daniel W., Burbelo, Peter D., Cohen, Jeffrey I., Calvo, Katherine R., Tsang, John S., Su, Helen C., Gallin, John I., Kuhns, Douglas B., Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela, Lionakis, Michail S., Notarangelo, Luigi D.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 11.01.2021
American Society for Clinical investigation
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ISSN:2379-3708, 2379-3708
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Abstract Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility of specific immune-based biomarkers to predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels of 66 soluble biomarkers in 175 Italian patients with COVID-19 ranging from mild/moderate to critical severity and assessed type I IFN-, type II IFN-, and NF-κB-dependent whole-blood transcriptional signatures. A broad inflammatory signature was observed, implicating activation of various immune and nonhematopoietic cell subsets. Discordance between IFN-α2a protein and IFNA2 transcript levels in blood suggests that type I IFNs during COVID-19 may be primarily produced by tissue-resident cells. Multivariable analysis of patients' first samples revealed 12 biomarkers (CCL2, IL-15, soluble ST2 [sST2], NGAL, sTNFRSF1A, ferritin, IL-6, S100A9, MMP-9, IL-2, sVEGFR1, IL-10) that when increased were independently associated with mortality. Multivariate analyses of longitudinal biomarker trajectories identified 8 of the aforementioned biomarkers (IL-15, IL-2, NGAL, CCL2, MMP-9, sTNFRSF1A, sST2, IL-10) and 2 additional biomarkers (lactoferrin, CXCL9) that were substantially associated with mortality when increased, while IL-1α was associated with mortality when decreased. Among these, sST2, sTNFRSF1A, IL-10, and IL-15 were consistently higher throughout the hospitalization in patients who died versus those who recovered, suggesting that these biomarkers may provide an early warning of eventual disease outcome.
AbstractList Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility of specific immune-based biomarkers to predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels of 66 soluble biomarkers in 175 Italian patients with COVID-19 ranging from mild/moderate to critical severity and assessed type I IFN-, type II IFN-, and NF-κB-dependent whole-blood transcriptional signatures. A broad inflammatory signature was observed, implicating activation of various immune and nonhematopoietic cell subsets. Discordance between IFN-α2a protein and IFNA2 transcript levels in blood suggests that type I IFNs during COVID-19 may be primarily produced by tissue-resident cells. Multivariable analysis of patients' first samples revealed 12 biomarkers (CCL2, IL-15, soluble ST2 [sST2], NGAL, sTNFRSF1A, ferritin, IL-6, S100A9, MMP-9, IL-2, sVEGFR1, IL-10) that when increased were independently associated with mortality. Multivariate analyses of longitudinal biomarker trajectories identified 8 of the aforementioned biomarkers (IL-15, IL-2, NGAL, CCL2, MMP-9, sTNFRSF1A, sST2, IL-10) and 2 additional biomarkers (lactoferrin, CXCL9) that were substantially associated with mortality when increased, while IL-1α was associated with mortality when decreased. Among these, sST2, sTNFRSF1A, IL-10, and IL-15 were consistently higher throughout the hospitalization in patients who died versus those who recovered, suggesting that these biomarkers may provide an early warning of eventual disease outcome.
Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility of specific immune-based biomarkers to predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels of 66 soluble biomarkers in 175 Italian patients with COVID-19 ranging from mild/moderate to critical severity and assessed type I IFN-, type II IFN-, and NF-κB-dependent whole-blood transcriptional signatures. A broad inflammatory signature was observed, implicating activation of various immune and nonhematopoietic cell subsets. Discordance between IFN-α2a protein and IFNA2 transcript levels in blood suggests that type I IFNs during COVID-19 may be primarily produced by tissue-resident cells. Multivariable analysis of patients' first samples revealed 12 biomarkers (CCL2, IL-15, soluble ST2 [sST2], NGAL, sTNFRSF1A, ferritin, IL-6, S100A9, MMP-9, IL-2, sVEGFR1, IL-10) that when increased were independently associated with mortality. Multivariate analyses of longitudinal biomarker trajectories identified 8 of the aforementioned biomarkers (IL-15, IL-2, NGAL, CCL2, MMP-9, sTNFRSF1A, sST2, IL-10) and 2 additional biomarkers (lactoferrin, CXCL9) that were substantially associated with mortality when increased, while IL-1α was associated with mortality when decreased. Among these, sST2, sTNFRSF1A, IL-10, and IL-15 were consistently higher throughout the hospitalization in patients who died versus those who recovered, suggesting that these biomarkers may provide an early warning of eventual disease outcome.Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the utility of specific immune-based biomarkers to predict clinical outcome remains elusive. Here, we analyzed levels of 66 soluble biomarkers in 175 Italian patients with COVID-19 ranging from mild/moderate to critical severity and assessed type I IFN-, type II IFN-, and NF-κB-dependent whole-blood transcriptional signatures. A broad inflammatory signature was observed, implicating activation of various immune and nonhematopoietic cell subsets. Discordance between IFN-α2a protein and IFNA2 transcript levels in blood suggests that type I IFNs during COVID-19 may be primarily produced by tissue-resident cells. Multivariable analysis of patients' first samples revealed 12 biomarkers (CCL2, IL-15, soluble ST2 [sST2], NGAL, sTNFRSF1A, ferritin, IL-6, S100A9, MMP-9, IL-2, sVEGFR1, IL-10) that when increased were independently associated with mortality. Multivariate analyses of longitudinal biomarker trajectories identified 8 of the aforementioned biomarkers (IL-15, IL-2, NGAL, CCL2, MMP-9, sTNFRSF1A, sST2, IL-10) and 2 additional biomarkers (lactoferrin, CXCL9) that were substantially associated with mortality when increased, while IL-1α was associated with mortality when decreased. Among these, sST2, sTNFRSF1A, IL-10, and IL-15 were consistently higher throughout the hospitalization in patients who died versus those who recovered, suggesting that these biomarkers may provide an early warning of eventual disease outcome.
Author Bonfanti, Paolo
Burbelo, Peter D.
Brugnoni, Duilio
Delmonte, Ottavia M.
Castagnoli, Riccardo
Kahle, Dana E.
Su, Helen C.
Rastegar, Andre T.
Alehashemi, Sara
Desai, Jigar V.
Sottini, Alessandra
Oikonomou, Vasileios
Shakoory, Bita
Imberti, Luisa
Cohen, Jeffrey I.
Fintzi, Jonathan
Stack, Michael
Bettini, Laura Rachele
Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia
Lionakis, Michail S.
Gliniewicz, Emily F.
Gallin, John I.
Fink, Danielle L.
Montagna, Daniela
Biondi, Andrea
Notarangelo, Luigi D.
Kuhns, Douglas B.
Dobbs, Kerry
Ricotta, Emily E.
Shaw, Elana
Tsang, John S.
Rossi, Camillo
D’Angio’, Mariella
Myint-Hpu, Katherine
Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela
Zarember, Kol A.
de Jesus, Adriana A. Almeida
Castelli, Francesco
Canna, Scott W.
Chertow, Daniel W.
Levinson, Susan L.
Licari, Amelia
Calvo, Katherine R.
DiNubile, Mark J.
Abers, Michael S.
Marseglia, Gian Luigi
AuthorAffiliation 10 Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
14 BioAegis Therapeutics, Inc, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
21 The NIAID COVID-19 Consortium is detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
17 Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
1 Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
11 Department of Pediatrics and
7 Direzione Sanitaria, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy
18 Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
5 CREA Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
12 Laboratory of Immunology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
4 Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
20 Center for
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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– name: 18 Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33232303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords COVID-19
Immunology
Cytokines
Chemokines
Language English
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Authorship note: MSA, OMD, EER, and JF contributed equally to this work. JIG, DBK, RGM, MSL, and LDN contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet Immune and inflammatory responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contribute to disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019...
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SubjectTerms Adrenal Cortex Hormones - therapeutic use
Adult
Aged
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Azithromycin - therapeutic use
Biomarkers
Blood levels
Calgranulin B - genetics
Calgranulin B - immunology
Case-Control Studies
Chemokine CCL2 - genetics
Chemokine CCL2 - immunology
Chemokine CXCL9 - genetics
Chemokine CXCL9 - immunology
Clinical outcomes
Comorbidity
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - genetics
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - mortality
COVID-19 - therapy
Diabetes
Discordance
Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Female
Ferritin
Ferritins - genetics
Ferritins - immunology
Gelatinase B
Gene Expression Profiling
Hospitalization
Humans
Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use
Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use
Immunology
Infections
Inflammation
Interferon Type I - genetics
Interferon Type I - immunology
Interferon-gamma - genetics
Interferon-gamma - immunology
Interleukin 10
Interleukin 15
Interleukin 2
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein - genetics
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein - immunology
Interleukin-10 - genetics
Interleukin-10 - immunology
Interleukin-15 - genetics
Interleukin-15 - immunology
Interleukin-2 - genetics
Interleukin-2 - immunology
Interleukin-6 - genetics
Interleukin-6 - immunology
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin - genetics
Lactoferrin - immunology
Lipocalin-2 - genetics
Lipocalin-2 - immunology
Male
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - genetics
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - immunology
Middle Aged
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
Mortality
Multivariate Analysis
Neutrophils
NF-kappa B - genetics
NF-kappa B - immunology
NF-κB protein
Patients
Pneumonia
Prognosis
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I - genetics
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I - immunology
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Steroids
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 - genetics
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 - immunology
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Title An immune-based biomarker signature is associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients
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