Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: links and possible mechanisms. A review

A direct link between antenatal maternal mood and fetal behaviour, as observed by ultrasound from 27 to 28 weeks of gestation onwards, is well established. Moreover, 14 independent prospective studies have shown a link between antenatal maternal anxiety/stress and cognitive, behavioural, and emotion...

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Vydáno v:Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Ročník 29; číslo 2; s. 237 - 258
Hlavní autoři: Van den Bergh, Bea R.H., Mulder, Eduard J.H., Mennes, Maarten, Glover, Vivette
Médium: Journal Article Konferenční příspěvek
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2005
Elsevier
Témata:
Affectivity. Emotion
Animals
Anxiety Disorders - complications
Anxiety Disorders - psychology
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Child behaviour
Child Development
Cortisol
Developmental neuroscience
Female
Fetal behaviour
Fetus - embryology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hormones and behavior
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Maternal Behavior - physiology
Maternal Behavior - psychology
Personality. Affectivity
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications - psychology
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Programming
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Review
Stress
Stress, Psychological - complications
Time Factors
Pregnancy
Fetal behaviour
Developmental neuroscience
Programming
Child behaviour
Cortisol
Review
Stress
Human
Affect affectivity
Hypothalamohypophysoadrenal axis
Hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoid
Adrenal hormone
Development
Fetus
Developmental stage
Anxiety
Behavior
Child
ISSN:0149-7634, 1873-7528
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Shrnutí:A direct link between antenatal maternal mood and fetal behaviour, as observed by ultrasound from 27 to 28 weeks of gestation onwards, is well established. Moreover, 14 independent prospective studies have shown a link between antenatal maternal anxiety/stress and cognitive, behavioural, and emotional problems in the child. This link generally persisted after controlling for post-natal maternal mood and other relevant confounders in the pre- and post-natal periods. Although some inconsistencies remain, the results in general support a fetal programming hypothesis. Several gestational ages have been reported to be vulnerable to the long-term effects of antenatal anxiety/stress and different mechanisms are likely to operate at different stages. Possible underlying mechanisms are just starting to be explored. Cortisol appears to cross the placenta and thus may affect the fetus and disturb ongoing developmental processes. The development of the HPA-axis, limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex are likely to be affected by antenatal maternal stress and anxiety. The magnitude of the long-term effects of antenatal maternal anxiety/stress on the child is substantial. Programs to reduce maternal stress in pregnancy are therefore warranted.
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ISSN:0149-7634
1873-7528
DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007