Democratic legitimacy in global platform governance
The goal of this paper is to propose a democratic legitimacy framework for evaluating platform-goverance proposals, and in doing so clarify terms of debate in this area, allowing for more nuanced policy assessments. It applies a democratic legitimacy framework originally created to assess the Europe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Telecommunications policy Jg. 45; H. 6; S. 102152 - - |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Amsterdam
Elsevier
01.07.2021
Elsevier Ltd Butterworth-Heinemann |
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| ISSN: | 0308-5961, 1879-3258 |
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| Abstract | The goal of this paper is to propose a democratic legitimacy framework for evaluating platform-goverance proposals, and in doing so clarify terms of debate in this area, allowing for more nuanced policy assessments. It applies a democratic legitimacy framework originally created to assess the European Union's democratic bona fides – Vivian Schmidt's (2013) modification of Scharpf's (1999) well-known taxonomy of forms of democratic legitimacy – to various representative platform governance proposals and policies. The first section discusses briefly the issue of legitimacy in internet and platform governance, while the second outlines our analytical framework. The second section describes the three forms of legitimacy that, according to this framework, are necessary for democratic legitimation: input, throughput and output legitimacy. The third section demonstrates our framework's utility by applying it to four paradigmatic proposals/regimes: Facebook's Oversight Board (self-governance regimes); adjudication-focused proposals such as the Manila Principles for Intermediary Liability (rule-of-law-focused regimes); the human-rights-focused framework proposed by then-UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; and the United Kingdom's Online Harms White Paper (domestic regime). Section four describes our four main findings regarding the case studies: non-state proposals seem to focus on throughput legitimacy; input legitimacy requirements are frequently under examined; state regulation is usually side-lined as a policy option; and output legitimacy is a limited standard to be adopted in supranational contexts. We conclude that only by considering legitimacy as a multifaceted phenomenon based in democratic accountability will it be possible to design platform-governance models that will not only stand the test of time, but will also be accepted by the people whose lives they affect. |
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| AbstractList | The goal of this paper is to propose a democratic legitimacy framework for evaluating platform-goverance proposals, and in doing so clarify terms of debate in this area, allowing for more nuanced policy assessments. It applies a democratic legitimacy framework originally created to assess the European Union's democratic bona fides – Vivian Schmidt's (2013) modification of Scharpf's (1999) well-known taxonomy of forms of democratic legitimacy – to various representative platform governance proposals and policies. The first section discusses briefly the issue of legitimacy in internet and platform governance, while the second outlines our analytical framework. The second section describes the three forms of legitimacy that, according to this framework, are necessary for democratic legitimation: input, throughput and output legitimacy. The third section demonstrates our framework's utility by applying it to four paradigmatic proposals/regimes: Facebook's Oversight Board (self-governance regimes); adjudication-focused proposals such as the Manila Principles for Intermediary Liability (rule-of-law-focused regimes); the human-rights-focused framework proposed by then-UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; and the United Kingdom's Online Harms White Paper (domestic regime). Section four describes our four main findings regarding the case studies: non-state proposals seem to focus on throughput legitimacy; input legitimacy requirements are frequently under examined; state regulation is usually side-lined as a policy option; and output legitimacy is a limited standard to be adopted in supranational contexts. We conclude that only by considering legitimacy as a multifaceted phenomenon based in democratic accountability will it be possible to design platform-governance models that will not only stand the test of time, but will also be accepted by the people whose lives they affect. The goal of this paper is to propose a democratic legitimacy framework for evaluating platform-goverance proposals, and in doing so clarify terms of debate in this area, allowing for more nuanced policy assessments. It applies a democratic legitimacy framework originally created to assess the European Union's democratic bona fides – Vivian Schmidt's (2013) modification of Scharpf's (1999) well-known taxonomy of forms of democratic legitimacy – to various representative platform governance proposals and policies. The first section discusses briefly the issue of legitimacy in internet and platform governance, while the second outlines our analytical framework. The second section describes the three forms of legitimacy that, according to this framework, are necessary for democratic legitimation: input, throughput and output legitimacy. The third section demonstrates our framework's utility by applying it to four paradigmatic proposals/regimes: Facebook's Oversight Board (self-governance regimes); adjudication-focused proposals such as the Manila Principles for Intermediary Liability (rule-of-law-focused regimes); the human-rights-focused framework proposed by then-UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression; and the United Kingdom's Online Harms White Paper (domestic regime). Section four describes our four main findings regarding the case studies: non-state proposals seem to focus on throughput legitimacy; input legitimacy requirements are frequently under examined; state regulation is usually side-lined as a policy option; and output legitimacy is a limited standard to be adopted in supranational contexts. We conclude that only by considering legitimacy as a multifaceted phenomenon based in democratic accountability will it be possible to design platform-governance models that will not only stand the test of time, but will also be accepted by the people whose lives they affect. •Current frameworks for assessing platform-governance policies do not adequately consider democratic legitimacy.•We propose a democratic-legitimacy framework to assess global platform-regulation policies.•We apply our three-pronged legitimacy framework (input, throughput, output) to four paradigmatic platform-regulation cases.•Except for the state-based UK case, these all suffer from democratic deficits across all three dimensions.•Platform-governance policy analysis should focus on whether they involve rule by and for the people, not just on processes. |
| ArticleNumber | 102152 |
| Author | Haggart, Blayne Iglesias Keller, Clara |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/1229390 10.1093/ejil/15.5.885 10.1177/1748048518757121 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00962.x 10.1177/0305829814562655 10.1177/1748048518757142 10.1080/13501763.2016.1268193 10.1386/jdmp_00028_1 10.1111/j.1468-0386.1996.tb00022.x 10.1177/2056305118787812 10.1093/ejil/15.5.907 10.1080/13600869.2018.1475898 10.1177/2053951719897945 10.14763/2016.3.432 10.1080/1369118X.2019.1573914 10.1080/1369118X.2012.659199 10.1177/1748048518757114 10.30899/dfj.v10i35.105 10.1002/poi3.152 10.1080/10841806.2017.1420745 10.14763/2019.2.1407 |
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| Keywords | Platform governance Human rights Global governance Democratic legitimacy Input legitimacy |
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| SubjectTerms | Accountability Adjudication Case studies Classification Democratic legitimacy Global Governance Governance Human rights Input legitimacy Internet Legitimacy Legitimation Liability Platform governance Proposals Rule of law Taxonomy Telecommunications policy |
| Title | Democratic legitimacy in global platform governance |
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