Atomically precise graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions from a single molecular precursor

The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular pr...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature nanotechnology Jg. 12; H. 11; S. 1077 - 1082
Hauptverfasser:	Nguyen, Giang D., Tsai, Hsin-Zon, Omrani, Arash A., Marangoni, Tomas, Wu, Meng, Rizzo, Daniel J., Rodgers, Griffin F., Cloke, Ryan R., Durr, Rebecca A., Sakai, Yuki, Liou, Franklin, Aikawa, Andrew S., Chelikowsky, James R., Louie, Steven G., Fischer, Felix R., Crommie, Michael F.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2017 Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:	147/138 147/3 639/301/357/995 639/925/357/918/1052 Carbonyl compounds Carbonyl groups Carbonyls Chemical synthesis Copolymerization Electronic devices Electronic equipment electronic properties and devices electronic properties and materials Fabrication Graphene Heterojunctions Materials Science Nanoribbons NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Precursors Realignment Scanning tunneling microscopy Spectroscopy
ISSN:	1748-3387, 1748-3395, 1748-3395
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Abstract	The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. Here we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields. Bottom-up fabrication of GNR heterojunctions exhibiting atomically perfect heterojunction interfaces can be obtained from a single molecular precursor via post-growth modification
AbstractList	The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. Here we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields. The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. In this paper we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. Finally, GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields. The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. Here we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields.The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. Here we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields. The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. Synthetic strategies used thus far have relied on the random copolymerization of two electronically distinct molecular precursors to yield GNR heterojunctions. Here we report the fabrication and electronic characterization of atomically precise GNR heterojunctions prepared through late-stage functionalization of chevron GNRs obtained from a single precursor. Post-growth excitation of fully cyclized GNRs induces cleavage of sacrificial carbonyl groups, resulting in atomically well-defined heterojunctions within a single GNR. The GNR heterojunction structure was characterized using bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy, which enables chemical bond imaging at T = 4.5 K. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that band alignment across the heterojunction interface yields a type II heterojunction, in agreement with first-principles calculations. GNR heterojunction band realignment proceeds over a distance less than 1 nm, leading to extremely large effective fields. Bottom-up fabrication of GNR heterojunctions exhibiting atomically perfect heterojunction interfaces can be obtained from a single molecular precursor via post-growth modification
Author	Rizzo, Daniel J. Louie, Steven G. Crommie, Michael F. Omrani, Arash A. Cloke, Ryan R. Marangoni, Tomas Sakai, Yuki Tsai, Hsin-Zon Chelikowsky, James R. Aikawa, Andrew S. Fischer, Felix R. Durr, Rebecca A. Liou, Franklin Rodgers, Griffin F. Nguyen, Giang D. Wu, Meng
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Giang D. surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Giang D. organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory – sequence: 2 givenname: Hsin-Zon surname: Tsai fullname: Tsai, Hsin-Zon organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 3 givenname: Arash A. surname: Omrani fullname: Omrani, Arash A. organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 4 givenname: Tomas surname: Marangoni fullname: Marangoni, Tomas organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 5 givenname: Meng surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Meng organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 6 givenname: Daniel J. surname: Rizzo fullname: Rizzo, Daniel J. organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 7 givenname: Griffin F. surname: Rodgers fullname: Rodgers, Griffin F. organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 8 givenname: Ryan R. surname: Cloke fullname: Cloke, Ryan R. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 9 givenname: Rebecca A. surname: Durr fullname: Durr, Rebecca A. organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 10 givenname: Yuki surname: Sakai fullname: Sakai, Yuki organization: Departments of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Center for Computational Materials, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin – sequence: 11 givenname: Franklin surname: Liou fullname: Liou, Franklin organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 12 givenname: Andrew S. surname: Aikawa fullname: Aikawa, Andrew S. organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley – sequence: 13 givenname: James R. surname: Chelikowsky fullname: Chelikowsky, James R. organization: Departments of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Center for Computational Materials, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin – sequence: 14 givenname: Steven G. surname: Louie fullname: Louie, Steven G. email: sglouie@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 15 givenname: Felix R. surname: Fischer fullname: Fischer, Felix R. email: ffischer@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 16 givenname: Michael F. surname: Crommie fullname: Crommie, Michael F. email: crommie@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Snippet	The rational bottom-up synthesis of atomically defined graphene nanoribbon (GNR) heterojunctions represents an enabling technology for the design of nanoscale...
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SubjectTerms	147/138 147/3 639/301/357/995 639/925/357/918/1052 Carbonyl compounds Carbonyl groups Carbonyls Chemical synthesis Copolymerization Electronic devices Electronic equipment electronic properties and devices electronic properties and materials Fabrication Graphene Heterojunctions Materials Science Nanoribbons NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Precursors Realignment Scanning tunneling microscopy Spectroscopy
Title	Atomically precise graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions from a single molecular precursor
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