R-Loops as Cellular Regulators and Genomic Threats

During transcription, the nascent RNA strand can base pair with its template DNA, displacing the non-template strand as ssDNA and forming a structure called an R-loop. R-loops are common across many domains of life and cause DNA damage in certain contexts. In this review, we summarize recent results...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular cell Vol. 73; no. 3; p. 398
Main Authors: Crossley, Madzia P, Bocek, Michael, Cimprich, Karlene A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 07.02.2019
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Nucleus - physiology
DNA - chemistry
DNA - genetics
DNA - metabolism
DNA Damage
DNA Repair
Gene Expression Regulation
Genome
Genomic Instability
Humans
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes - chemistry
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes - genetics
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes - metabolism
RNA - chemistry
RNA - genetics
RNA - metabolism
Structure-Activity Relationship
Transcription, Genetic
ISSN:1097-4164, 1097-4164
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:During transcription, the nascent RNA strand can base pair with its template DNA, displacing the non-template strand as ssDNA and forming a structure called an R-loop. R-loops are common across many domains of life and cause DNA damage in certain contexts. In this review, we summarize recent results implicating R-loops as important regulators of cellular processes such as transcription termination, gene regulation, and DNA repair. We also highlight recent work suggesting that R-loops can be problematic to cells as blocks to efficient transcription and replication that trigger the DNA damage response. Finally, we discuss how R-loops may contribute to cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases and compare the available next-generation sequencing-based approaches to map R-loops genome wide.
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ISSN:1097-4164
1097-4164
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.024