Procalcitonin as a Predictive Marker of Incident Liver Disease

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that procalcitonin (PCT) concentration is elevated in patients with liver disease without evidence of bacterial infection. We aimed to investigate the association between elevated PCT and the future risk of liver disease. Method PCT was measur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Liver international Vol. 45; no. 6; pp. e70132 - n/a
Main Authors: Finnberg‐Kim, Amanda, Pihlsgård, Mats, Önnerhag, Kristina, Melander, Olle, Enhörning, Sofia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2025
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Aged
Bacterial diseases
Biomarkers - blood
C-reactive protein
Clinical Medicine
Confidence intervals
Female
Gastroenterologi och hepatologi
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Humans
Incidence
Klinisk medicin
Liver
liver cirrhosis
liver disease
Liver diseases
Liver Diseases - blood
Liver Diseases - diagnosis
Liver Diseases - epidemiology
Male
Medical and Health Sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Original
Predictive Value of Tests
Procalcitonin
Procalcitonin - blood
Proportional Hazards Models
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk assessment
Risk Factors
Sensitivity analysis
Statistical analysis
Sweden - epidemiology
Sweden
risk assessment
procalcitonin
liver disease
C‐reactive protein
liver cirrhosis
ISSN:1478-3223, 1478-3231, 1478-3231
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:ABSTRACT Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that procalcitonin (PCT) concentration is elevated in patients with liver disease without evidence of bacterial infection. We aimed to investigate the association between elevated PCT and the future risk of liver disease. Method PCT was measured in 3897 individuals without known liver disease in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC‐CC) and in 3854 individuals in the Malmö Preventive Project cohort (MPP). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse the risk of register‐verified incident liver disease by PCT levels. We performed our analyses in a pooled sample of both the MPP and MDC‐CC cohorts, as well as separate analyses for each cohort. Results 70 subjects in MDC‐CC and 49 subjects in MPP were diagnosed with non‐viral liver disease during a median follow‐up of 27.1 and 14.8 years, respectively. In multivariate adjusted models in the pooled sample, individuals with high PCT (> 0.05 ng/mL) had a significantly increased risk of developing liver disease compared to subjects with PCT concentrations below the cutoff (hazard ratio (HR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.07–5.63, p < 0.001). The HR per standard deviation increase of log‐transformed PCT was 1.56 (95% CI 1.32–1.85, p < 0.001) in multivariate adjusted models. Separate cohort‐specific sensitivity analyses, including additional adjustment for C‐reactive protein, showed similar effect estimates as the pooled analyses. Conclusions Elevated concentration of PCT independently predicts non‐viral liver disease. These findings could have implications for risk assessment but also highlight the possibility of PCT as a direct cause of hepatocyte damage.
Bibliography:Handling Editor
Funding
Dr. Luca Valenti
Dr. Enhörning was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2022–01771), the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SG‐22‐0076), the Åke Wiberg Foundation (M21‐0041), the Maggie Stephen Foundation (20222029), the Albert Påhlsson Foundation (211214SE), the Crafoord Foundation (20210603), the Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS‐959724), the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (20200126), Skåne University Hospital and Region Skåne (2020–0358).
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Handling Editor: Dr. Luca Valenti
Funding: Dr. Enhörning was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2022–01771), the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SG‐22‐0076), the Åke Wiberg Foundation (M21‐0041), the Maggie Stephen Foundation (20222029), the Albert Påhlsson Foundation (211214SE), the Crafoord Foundation (20210603), the Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS‐959724), the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (20200126), Skåne University Hospital and Region Skåne (2020–0358).
ISSN:1478-3223
1478-3231
1478-3231
DOI:10.1111/liv.70132