A Theoretical Basis for the Analysis of Multiversion Software Subject to Coincident Errors

Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides...

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Veröffentlicht in:IEEE transactions on software engineering Jg. SE-11; H. 12; S. 1511 - 1517
Hauptverfasser: Eckhardt, D.E., Lee, L.D.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Legacy CDMS IEEE 01.12.1985
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEEE Computer Society
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ISSN:0098-5589, 1939-3520
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Abstract Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and 2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. We give a condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version and we study some differences between the coincident errors model developed here and the model that assumes independent failures of component verions.
AbstractList Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which: (1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and (2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. A condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version is given. (Author)
Multiple, joint occurrences of errors (coincident errors) can significantly affect the effectiveness of fault-tolerant software. A theoretical framework is developed for assessing the effectiveness of a multiversion programming approach to the development of fault-tolerant software under conditions of coincident error and for analyzing the impacts of coincident errors. The impacts of coincident errors will depend on an intensity function, which defines the tendency of programmers to introduce similar types of design faults such that software components will fail together during execution. A sufficient condition is derived under which a multi-version development strategy will yield improved fault tolerance over a single-version strategy. However, under high intensity of coincident error, a multiversion approach will actually lead to deterioration of fault tolerance. Finally, it is shown that fault tolerance models that assume that component versions fail independently will underestimate the number of software components needed to improve fault tolerance under coincident error.
Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which: (1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and (2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. A condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version is given.
Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and 2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. We give a condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version and we study some differences between the coincident errors model developed here and the model that assumes independent failures of component verions.
Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and 2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis.
Audience PUBLIC
Author Lee, L.D.
Eckhardt, D.E.
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Cites_doi 10.1109/TSE.1980.230790
10.1109/TSE.1986.6312924
10.1145/800027.808469
10.1109/TSE.1975.6312842
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Snippet Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint...
Multiple, joint occurrences of errors (coincident errors) can significantly affect the effectiveness of fault-tolerant software. A theoretical framework is...
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StartPage 1511
SubjectTerms Aerospace electronics
Application software
Applied sciences
Coincident errors
Computer Programming And Software
Control systems
Development
Electronics
Exact sciences and technology
Fault tolerance
Fault tolerant systems
fault-tolerant software
Hardware
intensity distribution
intensity of coincident errors
Mathematical models
multiversion software
N-version programming
Population
Probability
Programming profession
Random variables
Redundancy
Reliability
reliability of redundant software
Software
Software engineering
Software reliability
Software safety
Techniques
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Title A Theoretical Basis for the Analysis of Multiversion Software Subject to Coincident Errors
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Volume SE-11
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