Secure wireless communication of brain–computer interface and mind control of smart devices enabled by space-time-coding metasurface

Brain–computer interface (BCI) provides an interconnected pathway between the human brain and external devices and paves a potential route for mind manipulations. However, most existing BCI technologies are based on simple signal transmission and are independent of other interface devices, with limi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature communications Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 7914 - 11
Main Authors: Xiao, Qiang, Fan, Lin Han, Ma, Qian, Ning, Yu Ming, Gu, Ze, Chen, Long, Li, Lianlin, You, Jian Wei, Niu, Ya Feng, Cui, Tie Jun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.08.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
639/166/987
639/301/1019/1015
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Algorithms
Biochips
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain research
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Brainwashing
Coding
Communications systems
Computer applications
Computer Security
Devices
Electroencephalography
Electromagnetic radiation
Field programmable gate arrays
Human-computer interface
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Implants
Machine learning
Metasurfaces
multidisciplinary
Neural coding
Photic Stimulation
Privacy
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Signal transmission
Smart devices
Spacetime
Stimulation
Visual stimuli
Wireless communication systems
Wireless communications
Wireless Technology - instrumentation
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Brain–computer interface (BCI) provides an interconnected pathway between the human brain and external devices and paves a potential route for mind manipulations. However, most existing BCI technologies are based on simple signal transmission and are independent of other interface devices, with limited consideration for the reliability and security of the human brain’s information interaction in complicated wireless environments. Here, we propose a deep fusion coding scheme that combines the BCI visual stimulation coding with metasurface space-time coding at the physical layer, enabling reliable and secure information transfers between the human brain and external devices. A brain space-time-coding metasurface platform is designed to implement a secure wireless communication system by using harmonic-encrypted beams. We design and fabricate a proof-of-principle prototype and experimentally show that the proposed wireless BCI scheme can establish a remote but safeguarded paradigm for human–machine interactions and intelligent metasurfaces, providing a potential direction in future secure wireless communications. A brain space-time-coding metasurface platform is proposed by integrating visual stimulation for brain–computer interfaces with dynamic electromagnetic wave manipulations, enabling physical-layer secure wireless communication and mind-driven device control.
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ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0