An axiomatic system engineering design method based on NSGA-II algorithm applied to complex systems

This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements...

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Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 31766 - 17
Main Authors:	Zhang, Xiaoqian, Zhang, Qinghai, Zhao, Qingjian, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Yanan, Guo, Yang, Zhao, Zhengxu, Song, Liqiang
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.08.2025 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	639/166/987 639/166/988 Active Reflective Surface Control System Axiomatic design Control systems Decomposition Design optimization Genetic algorithms Humanities and Social Sciences Methods Model-Based Systems Engineering Modularity multidisciplinary NSGA-II Product development Science Science (multidisciplinary) System design methodology Systems engineering NSGA-II Active Reflective Surface Control System Model-Based Systems Engineering Axiomatic design System design methodology
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Abstract	This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis. Implemented using SysML, the framework establishes formal mappings among the user, functional, behavioral, and physical domains to ensure bidirectional traceability. In parallel, coupling degrees are quantitatively assessed based on axiomatic design principles, and a multi-objective intelligent search is employed to accelerate convergence within large-scale design spaces. A case study on an active reflector control system demonstrates that the proposed NSGA-II–enhanced framework significantly reduces reliance on expert knowledge in DSM ordering, and exhibits clear advantages in coupling identification and modularity analysis for complex systems.
AbstractList	This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis. Implemented using SysML, the framework establishes formal mappings among the user, functional, behavioral, and physical domains to ensure bidirectional traceability. In parallel, coupling degrees are quantitatively assessed based on axiomatic design principles, and a multi-objective intelligent search is employed to accelerate convergence within large-scale design spaces. A case study on an active reflector control system demonstrates that the proposed NSGA-II-enhanced framework significantly reduces reliance on expert knowledge in DSM ordering, and exhibits clear advantages in coupling identification and modularity analysis for complex systems.This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis. Implemented using SysML, the framework establishes formal mappings among the user, functional, behavioral, and physical domains to ensure bidirectional traceability. In parallel, coupling degrees are quantitatively assessed based on axiomatic design principles, and a multi-objective intelligent search is employed to accelerate convergence within large-scale design spaces. A case study on an active reflector control system demonstrates that the proposed NSGA-II-enhanced framework significantly reduces reliance on expert knowledge in DSM ordering, and exhibits clear advantages in coupling identification and modularity analysis for complex systems. Abstract This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis. Implemented using SysML, the framework establishes formal mappings among the user, functional, behavioral, and physical domains to ensure bidirectional traceability. In parallel, coupling degrees are quantitatively assessed based on axiomatic design principles, and a multi-objective intelligent search is employed to accelerate convergence within large-scale design spaces. A case study on an active reflector control system demonstrates that the proposed NSGA-II–enhanced framework significantly reduces reliance on expert knowledge in DSM ordering, and exhibits clear advantages in coupling identification and modularity analysis for complex systems. This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis. Implemented using SysML, the framework establishes formal mappings among the user, functional, behavioral, and physical domains to ensure bidirectional traceability. In parallel, coupling degrees are quantitatively assessed based on axiomatic design principles, and a multi-objective intelligent search is employed to accelerate convergence within large-scale design spaces. A case study on an active reflector control system demonstrates that the proposed NSGA-II–enhanced framework significantly reduces reliance on expert knowledge in DSM ordering, and exhibits clear advantages in coupling identification and modularity analysis for complex systems.
ArticleNumber	31766
Author	Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Xiaoqian Zhao, Zhengxu Zhao, Qingjian Song, Liqiang Guo, Yang Zhao, Yanan Zhang, Qinghai
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Cites_doi	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.208 10.1002/sys.10023 10.1016/j.cie.2024.110398 10.1016/j.cie.2004.12.006 10.1177/1063293X07078931 10.1016/j.procir.2016.04.207 10.3390/electronics13234655 10.1016/S0166-3615(97)00022-5 10.1007/s00163-013-0164-2 10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.11.002 10.1023/A:1008926428533 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.03.061 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.041 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104249 10.1007/s10010-025-00825-y 10.1007/978-1-4471-6338-5_13 10.1017/dsd.2020.87 10.1080/09544828.2023.2225842 10.1007/978-3-030-93582-5-12
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SubjectTerms	639/166/987 639/166/988 Active Reflective Surface Control System Axiomatic design Control systems Decomposition Design optimization Genetic algorithms Humanities and Social Sciences Methods Model-Based Systems Engineering Modularity multidisciplinary NSGA-II Product development Science Science (multidisciplinary) System design methodology Systems engineering
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Title	An axiomatic system engineering design method based on NSGA-II algorithm applied to complex systems
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