Tooth loss and periodontitis by socio-economic status and inflammation in a longitudinal population-based study

Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio‐economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Material and Methods Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5‐year follow‐up were analysed. W...

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Published in:Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 203 - 211
Main Authors: Buchwald, Sabine, Kocher, Thomas, Biffar, Reiner, Harb, Ali, Holtfreter, Birte, Meisel, Peter
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2013
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ISSN:0303-6979, 1600-051X, 1600-051X
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Abstract Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio‐economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Material and Methods Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5‐year follow‐up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity. Results Socio‐economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow‐up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio‐economic factors. Effect modifications of socio‐behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
AbstractList Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Material and Methods Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5-year follow-up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity. Results Socio-economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow-up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio-economic factors. Effect modifications of socio-behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss.AIMTo examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss.Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5-year follow-up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity.MATERIAL AND METHODSData of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5-year follow-up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity.Socio-economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow-up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001).RESULTSSocio-economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow-up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001).The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio-economic factors. Effect modifications of socio-behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.CONCLUSIONSThe progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio-economic factors. Effect modifications of socio-behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio‐economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Material and Methods Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5‐year follow‐up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity. Results Socio‐economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow‐up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio‐economic factors. Effect modifications of socio‐behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5-year follow-up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity. Socio-economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow-up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001). The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio-economic factors. Effect modifications of socio-behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss. Data of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5-year follow-up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity. Socio-economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow-up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001). The progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio-economic factors. Effect modifications of socio-behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
Author Biffar, Reiner
Meisel, Peter
Buchwald, Sabine
Kocher, Thomas
Harb, Ali
Holtfreter, Birte
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  organization: Unit of Periodontology, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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  givenname: Reiner
  surname: Biffar
  fullname: Biffar, Reiner
  organization: Unit of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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  givenname: Ali
  surname: Harb
  fullname: Harb, Ali
  organization: Institute of Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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  givenname: Birte
  surname: Holtfreter
  fullname: Holtfreter, Birte
  organization: Unit of Periodontology, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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  givenname: Peter
  surname: Meisel
  fullname: Meisel, Peter
  email: Address:, meiselp@uni-greifswald.de
  organization: Unit of Periodontology, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379538$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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1600-051X
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Conflict of interest and sources of funding statement
There are no conflicts of interest associated with this work. SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net (CMR) of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. ZZ9603) and the Ministry of Cultural Affairs as well as the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg‐West Pomerania
BH was supported by an unlimited educational grant from Gaba, Switzerland.
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PublicationDate March 2013
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PublicationTitle Journal of clinical periodontology
PublicationTitleAlternate J Clin Periodontol
PublicationYear 2013
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
References Friedman, E. M. & Herd, P. (2010) Income, education, and inflammation: differential associations in a national probability sample (the MIDUS study). Psychosomatic Medicine 72, 290-300.
Khera, A., McGuire, D. K., Murphy, S. A., Stanek, H. G., Das, S. R., Vongpatanasin, W., Wians, F. H. Jr, Grundy, S. M. & de Lemos, J. A. (2005) Race and gender differences in C-reactive protein levels. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46, 464-469.
Beck, J. D. (1998) Risk revisited. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 26, 220-225.
Thomson, W. M., Poulton, R., Milne, B. J., Caspi, A., Broughton, J. R. & Ayers, K. M. (2004) Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 32, 345-353.
Zhang, X., Shu, X. O., Signorello, L. B., Hargreaves, M. K., Cai, Q., Linton, M. F., Fazio, S., Zheng, W. & Blot, W. J. (2008) Correlates of high serum C-reactive protein levels in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Disease Markers 24, 351-359.
Gorman, A., Kaye, E. K., Apovian, C., Fung, T. T., Nunn, M. & Garcia, R. I. (2012) Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 39, 107-1114.
Holtfreter, B., Schwahn, C., Biffar, R. & Kocher, T. (2009) Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in the Study of Health in Pomerania. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, 114-123.
Franks, P., Tancredi, D. J., Winter, P. & Fiscella, K. (2010) Including socioeconomic status in coronary heart disease risk estimation. Annals of Family Medicine 8, 447-453.
Moutsopoulos, N. M. & Madianos, P. N. (2006) Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: paradigm of periodontal infections. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1088, 251-264.
Packard, C. J., Bezlyak, V., McLean, J. S., Batty, G. D., Ford, I., Burns, H., Cavanagh, J., Deans, K. A., Henderson, M., McGinty, A., Millar, K., Sattar, N., Shiels, P. G., Velupillai, Y. N. & Tannahill, C. (2011) Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Public Health 11, 42.
Paraskevas, S., Huizinga, J. D. & Loos, B. G. (2008) A systematic review and meta-analyses on C- reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 277-290.
Newton, J. T. & Bower, E. J. (2005) The social determinants of oral health: new approaches to conceptualizing and researching complex causal networks. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 33, 25-34.
Mundt, T., Polzer, I., Samietz, S., Grabe, H. J., Dören, M., Schwarz, S., Kocher, T., Biffar, R. & Schwahn, C. (2011) Gender-dependent associations between socioeconomic status and tooth loss in working age people in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), Germany. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 39, 398-408.
Paulander, J., Wennström, J. L., Axelsson, P. & Lindhe, J. (2004) Some risk factors for periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. A 10-year cohort study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31, 489-496.
Rathmann, W., Haastert, B., Giani, G., Koenig, W., Imhof, A., Herder, C., Holle, R. & Mielck, A. (2006) Is inflammation a causal chain between low socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes? Results from the KORA Survey 2000 European Journal of Epidemiology 21, 55-60.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. (2003) Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, applications to clinical and public health practise. Circulation 107, 499-511.
Sabbah, W., Tsakos, G., Sheiham, A. & Watt, R. G. (2009) The role of health-related behaviors in the socioeconomic disparities in oral health. Social Sciences & Medicine 68, 298-303.
Boillot, A., El Halabi, B., Batty, G. D., Rangé, H., Czernichow, S. & Bouchard, P. (2011) Education as a predictor of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis population-based studies. PloS Oneline 6, e215008, Epub 2011 Jul 21.
Hensel, E., Gesch, D., Biffar, R., Bernhardt, O., Kocher, T., Splieth, C., Born, G. & John, U. (2003) Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): a health survey in an East German region. Objectives and design of the oral health section. Quintessence International 34, 370-378.
El Fadl, K. A., Ragy, N., El Batran, M., Kassem, N., Nasry, S. A., Khalifa, R., Sedrak, H. & Isenovic, E. R. (2011) Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease: floss and reduce a potential risk factor for CVD. Angiology 62, 62-67.
Locker, D. & Leake, J. L. (1993) Risk indicators and risk markers for periodontal disease experience in older adults living independently in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Dental Research 72, 9-17.
McGrath, C. & Bedi, R. (2003) Measuring the impact of oral health on quality of life in Britain using OHQoL-UK(W). Journal of Public Health Dentistry 63, 73-77.
Pischon, N., Heng, N., Bernomouli, J. P., Kleber, B. M., Willich, S. N. & Pischon, T. (2007) Obesity, infalmmation, and periodontal disease. Journal of Dental Research 86,400-409.
Gruenewald, T. L., Cohen, S., Matthews, K. A., Tracy, R. & Seemna, T. E. (2009) Association of socioeconomic status with inflammation markers in black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Social Science & Medicine 69, 451-459.
Shimada, Y., Komatsu, Y., Ikezawa-Suzuki, I., Tai, H., Sugita, N. & Yoshie, H. (2010) The effect of periodontal treatment on serum leptin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein. Journal of Periodontology 81, 1118-1123.
Marmot, M. & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006) Social determinants of health, 2nd edition. Cary: Oxford University Press.
Åstrøm, A. N. & Rise, J. (2001) Socioeconomic differences in patterns of health and oral health behaviour in 25year old Norwegians. Clinical Oral Investigation 5, 122-128.
Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. A. (2005) Disease progression: identification of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 196-209.
Sbarra, D. A. (2009) Marriage protects men from clinically meaningful elevations in C-reactive protein: results from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Psychosomatic Medicine 71, 828-835.
Sethi, R., Puri, A., Makhija, A., Singhal, A., Ahuja, A., Mukerjee, S., Dwivedi, S. K., Narain, V. S., Saran, R. K. & Puri, V. K. (2008) "Poor man's risk factor": correlation between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and socioeconomic class in patients of acute coronary syndrome. Indian Heart Journal 60, 205-209.
John, U., Greiner, B., Hensel, E., Lüdemann, J., Piek, M., Sauer, S., Adam, C., Born, G., Alte, D., Greiser, E., Haertel, U., Hense, H. W., Haerting, J., Willich, S. & Kessler, C. (2001) Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): a health examination survey in an East German region. Objectives and design. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine 46, 186-194.
Bastard, J. P., Maachi, M., Lagathu, C., Kim, M. J., Caron, M., Vidal, H., Capeau, J. & Feve, B. (2006) Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. European Cytokine Network 17, 4-12.
Borrell, L. N. & Papapanou, P. N. (2005) Analytical epidemiology of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 132-158.
Loucks, E. B., Pilote, L., Lynch, J. W., Richard, H., Almeida, N. D., Benjamin, E. J. & Murabito, J. M. (2010) Life course socioeconomic position is associated with inflammatory markers: the Framingham Offspring Study. Social Science & Medicine 71, 187-195.
Pollitt, R. A., Kaufman, J. S., Rose, K. M., Diez-Roux, A. V., Zeng, D. & Heiss, G. (2007) Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood. European Journal of Epidemiology 22, 55-66.
Zini, A., Sgan-Cohen, H. D. & Marcenes, W. (2011) Socioeconomic position, smoking, and plaque: a pathway to severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38, 229-235.
Klinge, B. & Norlund, A. (2005) A socioeconomic perspective on periodontal diseases: a systemic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 314-325.
Noack, B., Genco, R. J., Trevisan, M., Grossi, S., Zambon, J. J. & De Nardin, E. (2001) The extent of increase in CRP levels in periodontitis patients depends on the severity of the disease. Journal of Periodontology 72, 1221-1227.
Gemes, K., Ahnve, S. & Janszky, I. (2008) Inflammation a possible link between economical stress and coronary heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology 23, 95-103.
Borrell, L. N., Beck, J. D. & Heiss, G. (2006) Socioeconomic disadvantage and periodontal disease: the dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study. American Journal of Public Health 96, 332-339.
Benabé, E. & Marcenes, W. (2011) Income inequality and tooth loss in the United States. Journal of Dental Research 90, 724-729.
Mundt, T., Polzer, I., Samietz, S., Grabe, H. J., Messerschmidt, H., Dören, M., Schwarz, S., Kocher, T., Biffar, R. & Schwahn, C. (2009) Socioeconomic indicators and prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in a working-age population - results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 37, 104-115.
1998; 26
2009; 69
2001; 72
2009; 68
2006; 96
2006; 17
2011; 62
2011; 11
2006
2008; 35
2012; 39
2006; 1088
2011; 39
2010; 81
2011; 38
2011; 6
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2005; 46
2003; 34
2004; 32
2009; 36
2004; 31
2003; 107
1993; 72
2001; 5
2006; 21
2011; 90
2009; 71
2008; 23
2005; 32
2008; 24
2007; 86
2007; 22
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2008; 60
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References_xml – reference: Beck, J. D. (1998) Risk revisited. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 26, 220-225.
– reference: Pischon, N., Heng, N., Bernomouli, J. P., Kleber, B. M., Willich, S. N. & Pischon, T. (2007) Obesity, infalmmation, and periodontal disease. Journal of Dental Research 86,400-409.
– reference: Franks, P., Tancredi, D. J., Winter, P. & Fiscella, K. (2010) Including socioeconomic status in coronary heart disease risk estimation. Annals of Family Medicine 8, 447-453.
– reference: Mundt, T., Polzer, I., Samietz, S., Grabe, H. J., Dören, M., Schwarz, S., Kocher, T., Biffar, R. & Schwahn, C. (2011) Gender-dependent associations between socioeconomic status and tooth loss in working age people in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), Germany. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 39, 398-408.
– reference: Sabbah, W., Tsakos, G., Sheiham, A. & Watt, R. G. (2009) The role of health-related behaviors in the socioeconomic disparities in oral health. Social Sciences & Medicine 68, 298-303.
– reference: McGrath, C. & Bedi, R. (2003) Measuring the impact of oral health on quality of life in Britain using OHQoL-UK(W). Journal of Public Health Dentistry 63, 73-77.
– reference: Marmot, M. & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006) Social determinants of health, 2nd edition. Cary: Oxford University Press.
– reference: Zini, A., Sgan-Cohen, H. D. & Marcenes, W. (2011) Socioeconomic position, smoking, and plaque: a pathway to severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38, 229-235.
– reference: Khera, A., McGuire, D. K., Murphy, S. A., Stanek, H. G., Das, S. R., Vongpatanasin, W., Wians, F. H. Jr, Grundy, S. M. & de Lemos, J. A. (2005) Race and gender differences in C-reactive protein levels. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46, 464-469.
– reference: Newton, J. T. & Bower, E. J. (2005) The social determinants of oral health: new approaches to conceptualizing and researching complex causal networks. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 33, 25-34.
– reference: Locker, D. & Leake, J. L. (1993) Risk indicators and risk markers for periodontal disease experience in older adults living independently in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Dental Research 72, 9-17.
– reference: Gemes, K., Ahnve, S. & Janszky, I. (2008) Inflammation a possible link between economical stress and coronary heart disease. European Journal of Epidemiology 23, 95-103.
– reference: Shimada, Y., Komatsu, Y., Ikezawa-Suzuki, I., Tai, H., Sugita, N. & Yoshie, H. (2010) The effect of periodontal treatment on serum leptin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein. Journal of Periodontology 81, 1118-1123.
– reference: Pollitt, R. A., Kaufman, J. S., Rose, K. M., Diez-Roux, A. V., Zeng, D. & Heiss, G. (2007) Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood. European Journal of Epidemiology 22, 55-66.
– reference: Friedman, E. M. & Herd, P. (2010) Income, education, and inflammation: differential associations in a national probability sample (the MIDUS study). Psychosomatic Medicine 72, 290-300.
– reference: Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. A. (2005) Disease progression: identification of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 196-209.
– reference: Packard, C. J., Bezlyak, V., McLean, J. S., Batty, G. D., Ford, I., Burns, H., Cavanagh, J., Deans, K. A., Henderson, M., McGinty, A., Millar, K., Sattar, N., Shiels, P. G., Velupillai, Y. N. & Tannahill, C. (2011) Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Public Health 11, 42.
– reference: Hensel, E., Gesch, D., Biffar, R., Bernhardt, O., Kocher, T., Splieth, C., Born, G. & John, U. (2003) Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): a health survey in an East German region. Objectives and design of the oral health section. Quintessence International 34, 370-378.
– reference: Borrell, L. N., Beck, J. D. & Heiss, G. (2006) Socioeconomic disadvantage and periodontal disease: the dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study. American Journal of Public Health 96, 332-339.
– reference: Borrell, L. N. & Papapanou, P. N. (2005) Analytical epidemiology of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 132-158.
– reference: Paraskevas, S., Huizinga, J. D. & Loos, B. G. (2008) A systematic review and meta-analyses on C- reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 277-290.
– reference: Åstrøm, A. N. & Rise, J. (2001) Socioeconomic differences in patterns of health and oral health behaviour in 25year old Norwegians. Clinical Oral Investigation 5, 122-128.
– reference: Boillot, A., El Halabi, B., Batty, G. D., Rangé, H., Czernichow, S. & Bouchard, P. (2011) Education as a predictor of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis population-based studies. PloS Oneline 6, e215008, Epub 2011 Jul 21.
– reference: Paulander, J., Wennström, J. L., Axelsson, P. & Lindhe, J. (2004) Some risk factors for periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. A 10-year cohort study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31, 489-496.
– reference: Holtfreter, B., Schwahn, C., Biffar, R. & Kocher, T. (2009) Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in the Study of Health in Pomerania. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 36, 114-123.
– reference: Sethi, R., Puri, A., Makhija, A., Singhal, A., Ahuja, A., Mukerjee, S., Dwivedi, S. K., Narain, V. S., Saran, R. K. & Puri, V. K. (2008) "Poor man's risk factor": correlation between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and socioeconomic class in patients of acute coronary syndrome. Indian Heart Journal 60, 205-209.
– reference: Rathmann, W., Haastert, B., Giani, G., Koenig, W., Imhof, A., Herder, C., Holle, R. & Mielck, A. (2006) Is inflammation a causal chain between low socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes? Results from the KORA Survey 2000 European Journal of Epidemiology 21, 55-60.
– reference: Loucks, E. B., Pilote, L., Lynch, J. W., Richard, H., Almeida, N. D., Benjamin, E. J. & Murabito, J. M. (2010) Life course socioeconomic position is associated with inflammatory markers: the Framingham Offspring Study. Social Science & Medicine 71, 187-195.
– reference: Bastard, J. P., Maachi, M., Lagathu, C., Kim, M. J., Caron, M., Vidal, H., Capeau, J. & Feve, B. (2006) Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. European Cytokine Network 17, 4-12.
– reference: Mundt, T., Polzer, I., Samietz, S., Grabe, H. J., Messerschmidt, H., Dören, M., Schwarz, S., Kocher, T., Biffar, R. & Schwahn, C. (2009) Socioeconomic indicators and prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in a working-age population - results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 37, 104-115.
– reference: Gruenewald, T. L., Cohen, S., Matthews, K. A., Tracy, R. & Seemna, T. E. (2009) Association of socioeconomic status with inflammation markers in black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Social Science & Medicine 69, 451-459.
– reference: Thomson, W. M., Poulton, R., Milne, B. J., Caspi, A., Broughton, J. R. & Ayers, K. M. (2004) Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 32, 345-353.
– reference: John, U., Greiner, B., Hensel, E., Lüdemann, J., Piek, M., Sauer, S., Adam, C., Born, G., Alte, D., Greiser, E., Haertel, U., Hense, H. W., Haerting, J., Willich, S. & Kessler, C. (2001) Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): a health examination survey in an East German region. Objectives and design. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine 46, 186-194.
– reference: Zhang, X., Shu, X. O., Signorello, L. B., Hargreaves, M. K., Cai, Q., Linton, M. F., Fazio, S., Zheng, W. & Blot, W. J. (2008) Correlates of high serum C-reactive protein levels in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Disease Markers 24, 351-359.
– reference: Noack, B., Genco, R. J., Trevisan, M., Grossi, S., Zambon, J. J. & De Nardin, E. (2001) The extent of increase in CRP levels in periodontitis patients depends on the severity of the disease. Journal of Periodontology 72, 1221-1227.
– reference: Sbarra, D. A. (2009) Marriage protects men from clinically meaningful elevations in C-reactive protein: results from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Psychosomatic Medicine 71, 828-835.
– reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. (2003) Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, applications to clinical and public health practise. Circulation 107, 499-511.
– reference: Gorman, A., Kaye, E. K., Apovian, C., Fung, T. T., Nunn, M. & Garcia, R. I. (2012) Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 39, 107-1114.
– reference: Klinge, B. & Norlund, A. (2005) A socioeconomic perspective on periodontal diseases: a systemic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 314-325.
– reference: Benabé, E. & Marcenes, W. (2011) Income inequality and tooth loss in the United States. Journal of Dental Research 90, 724-729.
– reference: Moutsopoulos, N. M. & Madianos, P. N. (2006) Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: paradigm of periodontal infections. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1088, 251-264.
– reference: El Fadl, K. A., Ragy, N., El Batran, M., Kassem, N., Nasry, S. A., Khalifa, R., Sedrak, H. & Isenovic, E. R. (2011) Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease: floss and reduce a potential risk factor for CVD. Angiology 62, 62-67.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 95
  year: 2008
  end-page: 103
  article-title: Inflammation a possible link between economical stress and coronary heart disease
  publication-title: European Journal of Epidemiology
– volume: 32
  start-page: 196
  year: 2005
  end-page: 209
  article-title: Disease progression: identification of high‐risk groups and individuals for periodontitis
  publication-title: Journal of Clinical Periodontology
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1118
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1123
  article-title: The effect of periodontal treatment on serum leptin, interleukin‐6, and C‐reactive protein
  publication-title: Journal of Periodontology
– volume: 32
  start-page: 314
  year: 2005
  end-page: 325
  article-title: A socioeconomic perspective on periodontal diseases: a systemic review
  publication-title: Journal of Clinical Periodontology
– volume: 6
  start-page: e215008
  year: 2011
  article-title: Education as a predictor of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review with meta‐analysis population‐based studies
  publication-title: PloS Oneline
– volume: 72
  start-page: 9
  year: 1993
  end-page: 17
  article-title: Risk indicators and risk markers for periodontal disease experience in older adults living independently in Ontario, Canada
  publication-title: Journal of Dental Research
– volume: 21
  start-page: 55
  year: 2006
  end-page: 60
  article-title: Is inflammation a causal chain between low socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes? Results from the KORA Survey 2000
  publication-title: European Journal of Epidemiology
– volume: 11
  start-page: 42
  year: 2011
  article-title: Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross‐sectional, population‐based study
  publication-title: BMC Public Health
– volume: 96
  start-page: 332
  year: 2006
  end-page: 339
  article-title: Socioeconomic disadvantage and periodontal disease: the dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study
  publication-title: American Journal of Public Health
– volume: 60
  start-page: 205
  year: 2008
  end-page: 209
  article-title: “Poor man's risk factor”: correlation between high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and socioeconomic class in patients of acute coronary syndrome
  publication-title: Indian Heart Journal
– volume: 8
  start-page: 447
  year: 2010
  end-page: 453
  article-title: Including socioeconomic status in coronary heart disease risk estimation
  publication-title: Annals of Family Medicine
– volume: 26
  start-page: 220
  year: 1998
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Snippet Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio‐economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of...
To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth...
Aim To examine the associations between factors of socio-economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of...
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StartPage 203
SubjectTerms Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
C-reactive protein
C-Reactive Protein - analysis
Cohort Studies
Dentistry
Disease Progression
Educational Status
Female
Follow-Up Studies
follow-up study
Germany - epidemiology
Gum disease
Humans
Incidence
Income - statistics & numerical data
Inflammation
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Marital Status
Middle Aged
Obesity - epidemiology
Periodontal Attachment Loss - epidemiology
periodontitis
Periodontitis - epidemiology
Population Surveillance
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Smoking - epidemiology
Social Class
Socioeconomic factors
socioeconomic status
Teeth
tooth loss
Tooth Loss - epidemiology
Vulnerable Populations - statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Title Tooth loss and periodontitis by socio-economic status and inflammation in a longitudinal population-based study
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-P7X60RM6-8/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjcpe.12056
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379538
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1433876068
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/1352283071
Volume 40
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