Is frequency of tooth brushing a risk factor for periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives The epidemiology of periodontitis regarding oral‐hygiene practices particularly the frequency of tooth brushing has been the subject of relatively few dedicated studies. This paper provides a systematic review of available relevant epidemiological studies and a meta‐analysis of the effect...

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Published in:Community dentistry and oral epidemiology Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 116 - 127
Main Authors: Zimmermann, Heiko, Zimmermann, Nils, Hagenfeld, Daniel, Veile, Annette, Kim, Ti-Sun, Becher, Heiko
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2015
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Dentistry
epidemiologic studies
Epidemiology
Female
Gum disease
Humans
Male
meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Oral hygiene
periodontitis
Periodontitis - etiology
Risk Factors
tooth brushing
Toothbrushing - adverse effects
Toothbrushing - statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
tooth brushing
epidemiologic studies
meta-analysis
epidemiology
oral hygiene
periodontitis
ISSN:0301-5661, 1600-0528, 1600-0528
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Objectives The epidemiology of periodontitis regarding oral‐hygiene practices particularly the frequency of tooth brushing has been the subject of relatively few dedicated studies. This paper provides a systematic review of available relevant epidemiological studies and a meta‐analysis of the effect of tooth brushing frequency on periodontitis. To review and to quantify the risk for periodontitis associated with frequency of tooth brushing. Methods Systematic literature search was conducted in nine online resources (PUBMED, ISI and 7 additional databases). Related and cross‐referencing publications were reviewed. Papers published until end of March 2013 reporting associations between tooth brushing frequency and periodontitis were considered. A meta‐analysis was performed to quantify this association. Results Fourteen studies were identified. The test of heterogeneity for cross‐sectional studies was not significant (P = 0.31). A fixed‐effects model yielded a significant overall odds ratio estimate of 1.41 (95%CI: 1.25–1.58, P < 0.0001) for infrequent compared to frequent tooth brushing. For all fourteen studies, there was a slight indication for heterogeneity (I² = 48%, P = 0.02) and the corresponding result with a random‐effects model was 1.44 (95%CI: 1.21–1.71, P < 0.0001). Conclusions There are relatively few studies evaluating the association between tooth brushing frequency and periodontitis. A clear effect was observed, indicating that infrequent tooth brushing was associated with severe forms of periodontal disease. Further epidemiological studies are needed to precisely estimate the effect of key risk factors for periodontitis and their interaction effects.
Bibliography:Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany - No. 01ER1001B
ark:/67375/WNG-6FJNXV2X-Q
istex:6D6E97BAFEE54FCCA94C3C6524862AAFF35BE965
Appendix S1. HEB Wales for observational studies with numbered questions. The adapted guideline of the HEB Wales for observational studies that has been used in this articleAppendix S2. PRISMA Checklist. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines.
ArticleID:CDOE12126
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:0301-5661
1600-0528
1600-0528
DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12126