Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jg. 25; H. 15; S. 3475
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Shijie, Gao, Zhenguo, Lan, Di, Jia, Qian, Liu, Ning, Zhang, Jiaoqiang, Kou, Kaichang
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.07.2020
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Electrostatic discharges
energetic salts
Energy
Explosive Agents - chemical synthesis
Explosive Agents - chemistry
Explosives
Heat resistance
high energy density material
insensitivity
nitrated pyrazoles-based
Nitrates
Nitrates - chemical synthesis
Nitrates - chemistry
Nitro Compounds - chemical synthesis
Nitro Compounds - chemistry
Nitrogen
Potash
Potassium
Pyrazoles - chemical synthesis
Pyrazoles - chemistry
Review
Sodium
synthesis
Thermodynamics
synthesis
energetic salts
high energy density material
insensitivity
nitrated pyrazoles-based
ISSN:1420-3049, 1420-3049
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Abstract Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
AbstractList Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3- ]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
Author Zhang, Shijie
Lan, Di
Liu, Ning
Jia, Qian
Kou, Kaichang
Gao, Zhenguo
Zhang, Jiaoqiang
AuthorAffiliation 2 Xi’an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; flackliu@sina.com
1 MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; zsj562389@sina.com (S.Z.); gaozhenguo@mail.nwpu.edu.cn (Z.G.); landi@mail.nwpu.edu.cn (D.L.); qqianjia@163.com (Q.J.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Xi’an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; flackliu@sina.com
– name: 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; zsj562389@sina.com (S.Z.); gaozhenguo@mail.nwpu.edu.cn (Z.G.); landi@mail.nwpu.edu.cn (D.L.); qqianjia@163.com (Q.J.)
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  fullname: Zhang, Jiaoqiang
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  givenname: Kaichang
  surname: Kou
  fullname: Kou, Kaichang
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords synthesis
energetic salts
high energy density material
insensitivity
nitrated pyrazoles-based
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Snippet Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high...
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SubjectTerms Electrostatic discharges
energetic salts
Energy
Explosive Agents - chemical synthesis
Explosive Agents - chemistry
Explosives
Heat resistance
high energy density material
insensitivity
nitrated pyrazoles-based
Nitrates
Nitrates - chemical synthesis
Nitrates - chemistry
Nitro Compounds - chemical synthesis
Nitro Compounds - chemistry
Nitrogen
Potash
Potassium
Pyrazoles - chemical synthesis
Pyrazoles - chemistry
Review
Sodium
synthesis
Thermodynamics
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Title Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds
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