The role of short-chain fatty acids in immunity, inflammation and metabolism

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are carboxylic acids with carbon atom numbers less than 6, which are important metabolites of gut microbiome. Existing research shows that SCFAs play a vital role in the health and disease of the host. First, SCFAs are the key energy source for colon and ileum cells,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in food science and nutrition Vol. 62; no. 1; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors: Yao, Yao, Cai, Xiaoyu, Fei, Weidong, Ye, Yiqing, Zhao, Mengdan, Zheng, Caihong
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Taylor & Francis 02.01.2022
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Antigens
Apoptosis
carbon
Carboxylic acids
Cell differentiation
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
cell viability
Colon
Dendritic cells
energy
Energy balance
Energy metabolism
Energy sources
epithelium
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile
food science
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gene expression
Homeostasis
human health
Humans
Ileum
Immune System
Immunity
Immunosuppressive agents
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
intestinal microorganisms
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Lipids
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Macrophages
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiomes
neoplasm cells
neutrophils
nutrition
Raw materials
SCFAs
sugars
tumor cell
Tumors
tumor cell
SCFAs
metabolism
immunity
inflammation
ISSN:1040-8398, 1549-7852, 1549-7852
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are carboxylic acids with carbon atom numbers less than 6, which are important metabolites of gut microbiome. Existing research shows that SCFAs play a vital role in the health and disease of the host. First, SCFAs are the key energy source for colon and ileum cells, and affect the intestinal epithelial barrier and defense functions by regulating related gene expression. Second, SCFAs regulate the function of innate immune cells to participate in the immune system, such as macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Third, SCFAs can also regulate the differentiation of T cells and B cells and the antigen-specific adaptive immunity mediated by them. Besides, SCFAs are raw materials for sugar and lipid synthesis, which provides a theoretical basis for studying the potential role of SCFAs in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism. There are also studies showing that SCFAs inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. In this article, we summarized in detail the role of SCFAs in immunity, inflammation and metabolism, and briefly introduced the role of SCFAs in tumor cell survival. It provides a systematic theoretical basis for the study of SCFAs as potential drugs to promote human health.
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ISSN:1040-8398
1549-7852
1549-7852
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2020.1854675