Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires 10 common questions
We review science-based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realig...
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| Published in: | Ecological applications Vol. 31; no. 8; pp. 1 - 30 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
John Wiley and Sons, Inc
01.12.2021
Ecological Society of America John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1051-0761, 1939-5582 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | We review science-based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realignment treatments that run counter to a broad consensus in the literature. These include the following: (1) Are the effects of fire exclusion overstated? If so, are treatments unwarranted and even counterproductive? (2) Is forest thinning alone sufficient to mitigate wildfire hazard? (3) Can forest thinning and prescribed burning solve the problem? (4) Should active forest management, including forest thinning, be concentrated in the wildland urban interface (WUI)? (5) Can wildfires on their own do the work of fuel treatments? (6) Is the primary objective of fuel reduction treatments to assist in future firefighting response and containment? (7) Do fuel treatments work under extreme fire weather? (8) Is the scale of the problem too great? Can we ever catch up? (9) Will planting more trees mitigate climate change in wNA forests? And (10) is post-fire management needed or even ecologically justified? Based on our review of the scientific evidence, a range of proactive management actions are justified and necessary to keep pace with changing climatic and wildfire regimes and declining forest heterogeneity after severe wildfires. Science-based adaptation options include the use of managed wildfire, prescribed burning, and coupled mechanical thinning and prescribed burning as is consistent with land management allocations and forest conditions. Although some current models of fire management in wNA are averse to short-term risks and uncertainties, the long-term environmental, social, and cultural consequences of wildfire management primarily grounded in fire suppression are well documented, highlighting an urgency to invest in intentional forest management and restoration of active fire regimes. |
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| AbstractList | We review science‐based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realignment treatments that run counter to a broad consensus in the literature. These include the following: (1) Are the effects of fire exclusion overstated? If so, are treatments unwarranted and even counterproductive? (2) Is forest thinning alone sufficient to mitigate wildfire hazard? (3) Can forest thinning and prescribed burning solve the problem? (4) Should active forest management, including forest thinning, be concentrated in the wildland urban interface (WUI)? (5) Can wildfires on their own do the work of fuel treatments? (6) Is the primary objective of fuel reduction treatments to assist in future firefighting response and containment? (7) Do fuel treatments work under extreme fire weather? (8) Is the scale of the problem too great? Can we ever catch up? (9) Will planting more trees mitigate climate change in wNA forests? And (10) is post‐fire management needed or even ecologically justified? Based on our review of the scientific evidence, a range of proactive management actions are justified and necessary to keep pace with changing climatic and wildfire regimes and declining forest heterogeneity after severe wildfires. Science‐based adaptation options include the use of managed wildfire, prescribed burning, and coupled mechanical thinning and prescribed burning as is consistent with land management allocations and forest conditions. Although some current models of fire management in wNA are averse to short‐term risks and uncertainties, the long‐term environmental, social, and cultural consequences of wildfire management primarily grounded in fire suppression are well documented, highlighting an urgency to invest in intentional forest management and restoration of active fire regimes. We review science-based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realignment treatments that run counter to a broad consensus in the literature. These include the following: (1) Are the effects of fire exclusion overstated? If so, are treatments unwarranted and even counterproductive? (2) Is forest thinning alone sufficient to mitigate wildfire hazard? (3) Can forest thinning and prescribed burning solve the problem? (4) Should active forest management, including forest thinning, be concentrated in the wildland urban interface (WUI)? (5) Can wildfires on their own do the work of fuel treatments? (6) Is the primary objective of fuel reduction treatments to assist in future firefighting response and containment? (7) Do fuel treatments work under extreme fire weather? (8) Is the scale of the problem too great? Can we ever catch up? (9) Will planting more trees mitigate climate change in wNA forests? And (10) is post-fire management needed or even ecologically justified? Based on our review of the scientific evidence, a range of proactive management actions are justified and necessary to keep pace with changing climatic and wildfire regimes and declining forest heterogeneity after severe wildfires. Science-based adaptation options include the use of managed wildfire, prescribed burning, and coupled mechanical thinning and prescribed burning as is consistent with land management allocations and forest conditions. Although some current models of fire management in wNA are averse to short-term risks and uncertainties, the long-term environmental, social, and cultural consequences of wildfire management primarily grounded in fire suppression are well documented, highlighting an urgency to invest in intentional forest management and restoration of active fire regimes.We review science-based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient structure and composition of forested landscapes. As part of the review, we address common questions associated with climate adaptation and realignment treatments that run counter to a broad consensus in the literature. These include the following: (1) Are the effects of fire exclusion overstated? If so, are treatments unwarranted and even counterproductive? (2) Is forest thinning alone sufficient to mitigate wildfire hazard? (3) Can forest thinning and prescribed burning solve the problem? (4) Should active forest management, including forest thinning, be concentrated in the wildland urban interface (WUI)? (5) Can wildfires on their own do the work of fuel treatments? (6) Is the primary objective of fuel reduction treatments to assist in future firefighting response and containment? (7) Do fuel treatments work under extreme fire weather? (8) Is the scale of the problem too great? Can we ever catch up? (9) Will planting more trees mitigate climate change in wNA forests? And (10) is post-fire management needed or even ecologically justified? Based on our review of the scientific evidence, a range of proactive management actions are justified and necessary to keep pace with changing climatic and wildfire regimes and declining forest heterogeneity after severe wildfires. Science-based adaptation options include the use of managed wildfire, prescribed burning, and coupled mechanical thinning and prescribed burning as is consistent with land management allocations and forest conditions. Although some current models of fire management in wNA are averse to short-term risks and uncertainties, the long-term environmental, social, and cultural consequences of wildfire management primarily grounded in fire suppression are well documented, highlighting an urgency to invest in intentional forest management and restoration of active fire regimes. |
| Author | Huffman, David W. Hessburg, Paul F. Kobziar, Leda N. Gray, Robert W. Parks, Sean A. Yocom, Larissa L. Kolden, Crystal A. Prichard, Susan J. Khatri-Chhetri, Pratima Keane, Robert E. North, Malcolm Stevens, Jens T. Hurteau, Matthew D. Safford, Hugh D. Churchill, Derek J. Hagmann, R. Keala Lake, Frank K. Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Kane, Van R. Povak, Nicholas A. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 16 R.W. Gray Consulting Chilliwack British Columbia V2R2N2 Canada 8 Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA 14 Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences Logan Utah 84322 USA 10 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 1731 Research Park Davis California 95618 USA 4 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Institute of Forest Genetics 2480 Carson Road Placerville California 95667 USA 13 U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center New Mexico Landscapes Field Station Santa Fe New Mexico 87544 USA 6 University of New Mexico Biology Department Albuquerque New Mexico 87131‐0001 USA 11 U.S. Forest Service Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute Missoula Montana 59801 USA 2 U.S. Forest Service PNW Research Station Wenatchee Washington 98801 USA 17 Northern Arizona University Ecological Restoration Institute Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA 18 U.S. Fo |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 14 Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences Logan Utah 84322 USA – name: 2 U.S. Forest Service PNW Research Station Wenatchee Washington 98801 USA – name: 11 U.S. Forest Service Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute Missoula Montana 59801 USA – name: 12 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany California 94710 USA – name: 16 R.W. Gray Consulting Chilliwack British Columbia V2R2N2 Canada – name: 3 Applegate Forestry LLC Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA – name: 13 U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center New Mexico Landscapes Field Station Santa Fe New Mexico 87544 USA – name: 6 University of New Mexico Biology Department Albuquerque New Mexico 87131‐0001 USA – name: 7 U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory Missoula Montana 59808 USA – name: 10 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 1731 Research Park Davis California 95618 USA – name: 1 University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Seattle Washington 98195‐2100 USA – name: 18 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata California 95521 USA – name: 5 University of Montana College of Forestry and Conservation Missoula Montana 59812 USA – name: 4 U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Institute of Forest Genetics 2480 Carson Road Placerville California 95667 USA – name: 15 Washington State Department of Natural Resources Forest Health Program Olympia Washington 98504 USA – name: 9 School of Engineering University of California Merced Merced California 95343 USA – name: 8 Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA – name: 17 Northern Arizona University Ecological Restoration Institute Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Susan J. surname: Prichard fullname: Prichard, Susan J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul F. surname: Hessburg fullname: Hessburg, Paul F. – sequence: 3 givenname: R. Keala surname: Hagmann fullname: Hagmann, R. Keala – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicholas A. surname: Povak fullname: Povak, Nicholas A. – sequence: 5 givenname: Solomon Z. surname: Dobrowski fullname: Dobrowski, Solomon Z. – sequence: 6 givenname: Matthew D. surname: Hurteau fullname: Hurteau, Matthew D. – sequence: 7 givenname: Van R. surname: Kane fullname: Kane, Van R. – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert E. surname: Keane fullname: Keane, Robert E. – sequence: 9 givenname: Leda N. surname: Kobziar fullname: Kobziar, Leda N. – sequence: 10 givenname: Crystal A. surname: Kolden fullname: Kolden, Crystal A. – sequence: 11 givenname: Malcolm surname: North fullname: North, Malcolm – sequence: 12 givenname: Sean A. surname: Parks fullname: Parks, Sean A. – sequence: 13 givenname: Hugh D. surname: Safford fullname: Safford, Hugh D. – sequence: 14 givenname: Jens T. surname: Stevens fullname: Stevens, Jens T. – sequence: 15 givenname: Larissa L. surname: Yocom fullname: Yocom, Larissa L. – sequence: 16 givenname: Derek J. surname: Churchill fullname: Churchill, Derek J. – sequence: 17 givenname: Robert W. surname: Gray fullname: Gray, Robert W. – sequence: 18 givenname: David W. surname: Huffman fullname: Huffman, David W. – sequence: 19 givenname: Frank K. surname: Lake fullname: Lake, Frank K. – sequence: 20 givenname: Pratima surname: Khatri-Chhetri fullname: Khatri-Chhetri, Pratima |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339088$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | We review science-based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient... We review science‐based adaptation strategies for western North American (wNA) forests that include restoring active fire regimes and fostering resilient... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptation adaptive management Allocations Burning carbon climate Climate adaptation Climate Change Climate Change and Western Wildfires Climate change mitigation Controlled burning cultural burning ecological resilience Extreme weather Fire fighting Fire hazards fire suppression fire weather Fires Forest management Forests fuel treatments Fuels Heterogeneity INVITED FEATURE: CLIMATE CHANGE AND WESTERN WILDFIRES Land management managed wildfire mechanical thinning North America Prescribed fire Questions Realignment restoration Thinning Wildfires wildland fire wildland fire management Wildland-urban interface |
| Subtitle | 10 common questions |
| Title | Adapting western North American forests to climate change and wildfires |
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