Shift of grey seal subspecies boundaries in response to climate, culling and conservation

Identifying the processes that drive changes in the abundance and distribution of natural populations is a central theme in ecology and evolution. Many species of marine mammals have experienced dramatic changes in abundance and distribution due to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts. Ho...

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Vydané v:Molecular ecology Ročník 25; číslo 17; s. 4097 - 4112
Hlavní autori: Fietz, Katharina, Galatius, Anders, Teilmann, Jonas, Dietz, Rune, Frie, Anne Kristine, Klimova, Anastasia, Palsbøll, Per J., Jensen, Lasse F., Graves, Jeff A., Hoffman, Joseph I., Olsen, Morten Tange
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2016
Predmet:
admixture
Animals
anthropogenic activities
Anthropogenic factors
Baltic Sea
Baltic States
Boundaries
breeding sites
Climate
Climate change
Colonization
Conservation of Natural Resources
Ecology
Encroachment
Europe
extinction
Extinction, Biological
Genetics, Population
geographical distribution
Halichoerus grypus
local extinction
Marine conservation
Marine mammals
Natural populations
North Sea
Northern European region
Population genetics
Recolonization
Seals
Seals, Earless - classification
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Species extinction
Northern European region
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Halichoerus grypus
admixture
local extinction
recolonization
Baltic Sea
ISSN:0962-1083, 1365-294X, 1365-294X
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Shrnutí:Identifying the processes that drive changes in the abundance and distribution of natural populations is a central theme in ecology and evolution. Many species of marine mammals have experienced dramatic changes in abundance and distribution due to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts. However, thanks to conservation efforts, some of these species have shown remarkable population recovery and are now recolonizing their former ranges. Here, we use zooarchaeological, demographic and genetic data to examine processes of colonization, local extinction and recolonization of the two northern European grey seal subspecies inhabiting the Baltic Sea and North Sea. The zooarchaeological and genetic data suggest that the two subspecies diverged shortly after the formation of the Baltic Sea approximately 4200 years bp, probably through a gradual shift to different breeding habitats and phenologies. By comparing genetic data from 19th century pre‐extinction material with that from seals currently recolonizing their past range, we observed a marked spatiotemporal shift in subspecies boundaries, with increasing encroachment of North Sea seals on areas previously occupied by the Baltic Sea subspecies. Further, both demographic and genetic data indicate that the two subspecies have begun to overlap geographically and are hybridizing in a narrow contact zone. Our findings provide new insights into the processes of colonization, extinction and recolonization and have important implications for the management of grey seals across northern Europe.
Bibliografia:Villum Foundation
University of Copenhagen and University of Groningen
Danish Nature Agency - No. NST-41501-00016
istex:A0354F2DB025ABF4288EAAA8D7B82B668C60DD10
ArticleID:MEC13748
Table S1 Sampling localities and sample types. Table S2 Grey seal haplotype distributions across the sampling locations. Table S3 Sample sizes and estimates of mtDNA diversity. Table S4 Sample sizes and estimates of microsatellite diversity. Table S5 Estimations of support for the best demographic model, posterior error and mode estimates for timing and admixture rate.Appendix S1 Grey seal survey data from Kattegat and the southwest Baltic Sea.Appendix S2 Microsatellite data from contemporary grey seal samples used in Fietz et al (2016) Molecular Ecology.
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ISSN:0962-1083
1365-294X
1365-294X
DOI:10.1111/mec.13748