Biophysical skin properties of grade 1 pressure ulcers and unaffected skin in spinal cord injured and able-bodied persons in the unloaded sacral region

To examine biophysical skin properties in the sacral region in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering from a grade 1 pressure ulcer (PU) defined as non-blanchable erythema (SCI/PU), SCI patients in the post-acute phase (SCI/PA) and able-bodied participants (CON). Also, for SCI/PU patients, both...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of tissue viability Jg. 26; H. 2; S. 89 - 94
Hauptverfasser: Scheel-Sailer, Anke, Frotzler, Angela, Mueller, Gabi, Annaheim, Simon, Rossi, René Michel, Derler, Siegfried
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2017
Schlagworte:
Adult
Advanced Basic Science
Aged
Case-Control Studies
Critical Care
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Pressure Ulcer - classification
Pressure Ulcer - etiology
Pressure Ulcer - physiopathology
Sacrococcygeal Region
Sacrum
Skin - blood supply
Skin - pathology
Skin elasticity
Skin hydration
Skin perfusion
Skin Physiological Phenomena
Skin physiology
Skin redness
Spinal Cord Injuries - complications
Skin perfusion
Skin elasticity
Skin physiology
Skin redness
Skin hydration
ISSN:0965-206X
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Zusammenfassung:To examine biophysical skin properties in the sacral region in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering from a grade 1 pressure ulcer (PU) defined as non-blanchable erythema (SCI/PU), SCI patients in the post-acute phase (SCI/PA) and able-bodied participants (CON). Also, for SCI/PU patients, both the affected skin and healthy skin close to the PU were examined. An experimental controlled study with a convenience sample. A Swiss acute care and rehabilitation clinic specializing in SCIs. We determined hydration, redness, elasticity and perfusion of the unloaded skin in the sacral region of 6 SCI/PU patients (affected and healthy skin), 20 SCI/PA patients and 10 able-bodied controls. These measures were made by two trained examiners after the patients were lying in the supine position. The affected skin of SCI/PU patients showed elevated redness: median 595.5 arbitrary units (AU) (quartiles 440.4; 631.6) and perfusion: 263.0 AU (104.1; 659.4), both significantly increased compared to the healthy skin in SCI/PA patients and CON (p < 0.001). Similarly, healthy skin of SCI/PA patients showed elevated redness (p = 0.016) and perfusion (p < 0.001) compared to CON. On the other hand, differences in redness and perfusion between the affected and unaffected skin in SCI/PU patients were not significant. The results for skin hydration and skin elasticity were similar in all groups. Skin perfusion and redness were significantly increased in grade 1 PUs and for healthy skin in both SCI/PA patients and CON participants; thus, these are important in understanding the pathophysiology of PUs and skin in SCI. •Biophysical skin properties in the sacral region are different in spinal cord injury patients.•Skin perfusion and redness were significantly increased over superficial pressure ulcer.•Redness for healthy skin of SCI patients with pressure ulcer was significantly elevated.•Skin redness in SCI patients without pressure ulcer was also significantly elevated.•The results for skin hydration and skin elasticity did not show any significant differences.
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ISSN:0965-206X
DOI:10.1016/j.jtv.2016.11.002