Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae

Microalgae are the principal producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine ecosystems. Algae are used in aquaculture systems as direct or indirect feed for zooplankton, filter-feeding mollusks and larval st...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Aquaculture international Jg. 25; H. 2; S. 577 - 587
Hauptverfasser:	Boelen, Peter, van Mastrigt, Audrey, van de Bovenkamp, Henk H., Heeres, Hero J., Buma, Anita G. J.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01.04.2017 Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Algae Algal growth aquaculture systems Biomedical and Life Sciences Crustacea Crustaceans docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid fish Freshwater & Marine Ecology larvae Life Sciences Lipids long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids mariculture Marine Marine aquaculture Marine ecosystems Microalgae Mollusca molluscs Mollusks Nutritive value Phaeodactylum tricornutum Polyunsaturated fatty acids Rhodomonas Rhodomonas salina Shellfish Thalassiosira pseudonana Thalassiosira weissflogii triacylglycerols Zoology Zooplankton Growth phase Phytoplankton Fatty acids LC-PUFAs Aquaculture
ISSN:	0967-6120, 1573-143X
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Abstract	Microalgae are the principal producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine ecosystems. Algae are used in aquaculture systems as direct or indirect feed for zooplankton, filter-feeding mollusks and larval stages of crustaceans and fish. Therefore, it is necessary to select nutrient-rich strains, with high levels of EPA and/or DHA, preferably during the stage of rapid growth. During the course of algal growth (exponential to stationary phase), many microalgal species accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols. However, relatively little is known about the effect of growth phase on LC-PUFA accumulation. In the present study, absolute and relative EPA and DHA levels of seven representative species of marine microalgae were determined during different growth phases in batch culture. Four species ( Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Thalassiosira weissflogii , Thalassiosira pseudonana and Rhodomonas salina ) accumulated fatty acids during growth. In all these species, intracellular EPA levels were higher during the late stationary growth phase than during exponential growth. In contrast, an increase in DHA content was not observed and therefore the DHA-to-EPA ratio was significantly lower in late stationary phase cultures. These results can be used to improve the nutritional value of microalgae cultivated for application in marine aquaculture systems.
AbstractList	Microalgae are the principal producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine ecosystems. Algae are used in aquaculture systems as direct or indirect feed for zooplankton, filter-feeding mollusks and larval stages of crustaceans and fish. Therefore, it is necessary to select nutrient-rich strains, with high levels of EPA and/or DHA, preferably during the stage of rapid growth. During the course of algal growth (exponential to stationary phase), many microalgal species accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols. However, relatively little is known about the effect of growth phase on LC-PUFA accumulation. In the present study, absolute and relative EPA and DHA levels of seven representative species of marine microalgae were determined during different growth phases in batch culture. Four species (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Rhodomonas salina) accumulated fatty acids during growth. In all these species, intracellular EPA levels were higher during the late stationary growth phase than during exponential growth. In contrast, an increase in DHA content was not observed and therefore the DHA-to-EPA ratio was significantly lower in late stationary phase cultures. These results can be used to improve the nutritional value of microalgae cultivated for application in marine aquaculture systems. Microalgae are the principal producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine ecosystems. Algae are used in aquaculture systems as direct or indirect feed for zooplankton, filter-feeding mollusks and larval stages of crustaceans and fish. Therefore, it is necessary to select nutrient-rich strains, with high levels of EPA and/or DHA, preferably during the stage of rapid growth. During the course of algal growth (exponential to stationary phase), many microalgal species accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols. However, relatively little is known about the effect of growth phase on LC-PUFA accumulation. In the present study, absolute and relative EPA and DHA levels of seven representative species of marine microalgae were determined during different growth phases in batch culture. Four species ( Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Thalassiosira weissflogii , Thalassiosira pseudonana and Rhodomonas salina ) accumulated fatty acids during growth. In all these species, intracellular EPA levels were higher during the late stationary growth phase than during exponential growth. In contrast, an increase in DHA content was not observed and therefore the DHA-to-EPA ratio was significantly lower in late stationary phase cultures. These results can be used to improve the nutritional value of microalgae cultivated for application in marine aquaculture systems.
Author	Boelen, Peter van Mastrigt, Audrey van de Bovenkamp, Henk H. Heeres, Hero J. Buma, Anita G. J.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Peter orcidid: 0000-0001-7023-4986 surname: Boelen fullname: Boelen, Peter email: p.boelen@rug.nl organization: Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Groningen, BioSolar Cells – sequence: 2 givenname: Audrey surname: van Mastrigt fullname: van Mastrigt, Audrey organization: Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Groningen – sequence: 3 givenname: Henk H. surname: van de Bovenkamp fullname: van de Bovenkamp, Henk H. organization: Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen – sequence: 4 givenname: Hero J. surname: Heeres fullname: Heeres, Hero J. organization: Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen – sequence: 5 givenname: Anita G. J. surname: Buma fullname: Buma, Anita G. J. organization: Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Groningen
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SubjectTerms	Algae Algal growth aquaculture systems Biomedical and Life Sciences Crustacea Crustaceans docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid fish Freshwater & Marine Ecology larvae Life Sciences Lipids long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids mariculture Marine Marine aquaculture Marine ecosystems Microalgae Mollusca molluscs Mollusks Nutritive value Phaeodactylum tricornutum Polyunsaturated fatty acids Rhodomonas Rhodomonas salina Shellfish Thalassiosira pseudonana Thalassiosira weissflogii triacylglycerols Zoology Zooplankton
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Title	Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae
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