Resecting orbicularis oculi muscle in upper eyelid blepharoplasty – A review of the literature

Blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. However, the rationale for muscle resection along with skin is uncertain. A PubMed search was performed using the following keywords: ‘blepharoplasty’ and ‘muscle’ as well as ‘blepharop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery Vol. 63; no. 5; pp. 787 - 792
Main Authors: Hoorntje, Lidewij E., Lei, Berend van der, Stollenwerck, Guido A., Kon, Moshe
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2010
Elsevier
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Blepharoplasty - methods
Blepharoptosis - surgery
History
Humans
Medical sciences
Muscle
Oculomotor Muscles - surgery
Orbicularis oculi
Plastic Surgery
Review
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Treatment Outcome
Upper blepharoplasty
Orbicularis oculi
Muscle
Upper blepharoplasty
Review
History
Plasty
Treatment
Surgery
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Upper blepharoptasty
Case history
Upper eyelid
Bibliographic review
ISSN:1748-6815, 1878-0539, 1878-0539
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. However, the rationale for muscle resection along with skin is uncertain. A PubMed search was performed using the following keywords: ‘blepharoplasty’ and ‘muscle’ as well as ‘blepharoplasty’ and ‘orbicularis’. This yielded 419 different hits. All abstracts from English, Dutch, German or French papers were scanned for potential relevance; of which 59 papers were retrieved. The papers were considered to be relevant for our review if they described their technique for upper blepharoplasty and if they mentioned whether or not they resected orbicularis oculi muscle. Papers describing blepharoplasty combined with other surgical interventions were not included unless specific remarks about the blepharoplasty and the role of orbicularis resection were made. Studies describing a surgical technique specifically designed to create an epicanthal fold in Asians were excluded as well. In total, 55 papers were included for review. Various reasons for muscle resection are described; most authors resect muscle without providing a reason to do so. In more recent literature, a trend towards muscle preservation is observed. A lack of consensus about what is to be done with the orbicularis oculi muscle in upper lid blepharoplasty is demonstrated. This amounts to a shortcoming, especially in training young plastic surgeons. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed.
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ISSN:1748-6815
1878-0539
1878-0539
DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.02.069