Quantitative description of proton exchange processes between water and endogenous and exogenous agents for WEX, CEST, and APT experiments

The proton exchange processes between water and solutes containing exchangeable protons have recently become of interest for monitoring pH effects, detecting cellular mobile proteins and peptides, and enhancing the detection sensitivity of various low‐concentration endogenous and exogenous species....

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Vydáno v:Magnetic resonance in medicine Ročník 51; číslo 5; s. 945 - 952
Hlavní autoři: Zhou, Jinyuan, Wilson, David A., Sun, Phillip Zhe, Klaus, Judith A., van Zijl, Peter C.M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.05.2004
Témata:
amide proton
Animals
APT
Brain
CEST
Ion Exchange
ischemia
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
magnetization transfer
mobile protein
Models, Theoretical
pH imaging
proton exchange
Protons
Rats
WEX
ISSN:0740-3194, 1522-2594
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Shrnutí:The proton exchange processes between water and solutes containing exchangeable protons have recently become of interest for monitoring pH effects, detecting cellular mobile proteins and peptides, and enhancing the detection sensitivity of various low‐concentration endogenous and exogenous species. In this work, the analytic expressions for water exchange (WEX) filter spectroscopy, chemical exchange‐dependent saturation transfer (CEST), and amide proton transfer (APT) experiments are derived by the use of Bloch equations with exchange terms. The effects of the initial states for the system, the difference between a steady state and a saturation state, and the relative contributions of the forward and backward exchange processes are discussed. The theory, in combination with numerical calculations, provides a useful tool for designing experimental schemes and assessing magnetization transfer (MT) processes between water protons and solvent‐exchangeable protons. As an example, the case of endogenous amide proton exchange in the rat brain at 4.7 T is analyzed in detail. Magn Reson Med 51:945–952, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bibliografie:Whitaker Foundation
National Institutes of Health - No. EB02666; No. NS31490
istex:638F60BCFC7DE8F63454E677C923498BD19AF1C1
ark:/67375/WNG-L332H7WC-Z
ArticleID:MRM20048
ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
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ISSN:0740-3194
1522-2594
DOI:10.1002/mrm.20048