Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells

A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Ročník 14; s. 51
Hlavní autori: Belov Kirdajova, Denisa, Kriska, Jan, Tureckova, Jana, Anderova, Miroslava
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 19.03.2020
Frontiers Media S.A
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ISSN:1662-5102, 1662-5102
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Abstract A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca ) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca -dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
AbstractList A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca ) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca -dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of “neuron-centric” approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
A plethora of neurological disorders share a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both of which are responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupt oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, a subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic cascade. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied with the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic cascade, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins and consequences.
A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
Author Tureckova, Jana
Anderova, Miroslava
Kriska, Jan
Belov Kirdajova, Denisa
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) , Prague , Czechia
2 Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czechia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) , Prague , Czechia
– name: 2 Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czechia
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Denisa
  surname: Belov Kirdajova
  fullname: Belov Kirdajova, Denisa
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jan
  surname: Kriska
  fullname: Kriska, Jan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jana
  surname: Tureckova
  fullname: Tureckova, Jana
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Miroslava
  surname: Anderova
  fullname: Anderova, Miroslava
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265656$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords glutamate excitotoxicity
ischemic pathway
cell death
glutamate uptake/release
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
NG2 glia
glutamate receptors and transporters
Language English
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Edited by: Balázs Pál, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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crossref_primary_10_3389_fncel_2020_00051
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-03-19
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-03-19
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-03-19
  day: 19
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Lausanne
PublicationTitle Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Cell Neurosci
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Frontiers Research Foundation
Frontiers Media S.A
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– name: Frontiers Media S.A
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Snippet A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause...
A plethora of neurological disorders share a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent leading...
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SubjectTerms Amino acids
Apoptosis
Astrocytes
Calcium (extracellular)
Calcium (intracellular)
Cell death
Cell membranes
Cellular Neuroscience
Central nervous system
Cerebral blood flow
Depolarization
Edema
Excitotoxicity
Free radicals
Gene expression
Glial cells
glutamate excitotoxicity
glutamate uptake/release
Glutamic acid receptors
Ischemia
ischemic pathway
Membrane potential
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microglia
Mortality
Neurological diseases
Neuronal-glial interactions
Oligodendrocytes
Oxidative phosphorylation
Parenchyma
Phosphorylation
Physiology
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Title Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells
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