The Case for Adopting the “Species Complex” Nomenclature for the Etiologic Agents of Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gatti...

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Veröffentlicht in:	mSphere Jg. 2; H. 1
Hauptverfasser:	Kwon-Chung, Kyung J., Bennett, John E., Wickes, Brian L., Meyer, Wieland, Cuomo, Christina A., Wollenburg, Kurt R., Bicanic, Tihana A., Castañeda, Elizabeth, Chang, Yun C., Chen, Jianghan, Cogliati, Massimo, Dromer, Françoise, Ellis, David, Filler, Scott G., Fisher, Matthew C., Harrison, Thomas S., Holland, Steven M., Kohno, Shigeru, Kronstad, James W., Lazera, Marcia, Levitz, Stuart M., Lionakis, Michail S., May, Robin C., Ngamskulrongroj, Popchai, Pappas, Peter G., Perfect, John R., Rickerts, Volker, Sorrell, Tania C., Walsh, Thomas J., Williamson, Peter R., Xu, Jianping, Zelazny, Adrian M., Casadevall, Arturo
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States American Society for Microbiology 01.01.2017
Schlagworte:	clade Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus gattii Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal infections genetic diversity new nomenclature Cryptococcus gattii genetic diversity species complex Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcosis new nomenclature clade
ISSN:	2379-5042, 2379-5042
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using “ Cryptococcus neoformans species complex” and “ C. gattii species complex” as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion.
AbstractList	Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using “Cryptococcus neoformans species complex” and “C. gattii species complex” as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion. Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by and . Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that be divided into two species and into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using " species complex" and " species complex" as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion. ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using “Cryptococcus neoformans species complex” and “C. gattii species complex” as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion. Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using "Cryptococcus neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex" as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion.Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using "Cryptococcus neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex" as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion. Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using “ Cryptococcus neoformans species complex” and “ C. gattii species complex” as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion.
Author	Zelazny, Adrian M. Pappas, Peter G. Dromer, Françoise Kronstad, James W. Wollenburg, Kurt R. Bennett, John E. Perfect, John R. Fisher, Matthew C. Holland, Steven M. Lazera, Marcia Chang, Yun C. Sorrell, Tania C. Cuomo, Christina A. Cogliati, Massimo Castañeda, Elizabeth Rickerts, Volker Meyer, Wieland Xu, Jianping Levitz, Stuart M. Lionakis, Michail S. Kwon-Chung, Kyung J. Chen, Jianghan Ngamskulrongroj, Popchai Williamson, Peter R. Casadevall, Arturo Filler, Scott G. Walsh, Thomas J. Bicanic, Tihana A. Kohno, Shigeru Harrison, Thomas S. Wickes, Brian L. Ellis, David May, Robin C.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kyung J. surname: Kwon-Chung fullname: Kwon-Chung, Kyung J. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: John E. surname: Bennett fullname: Bennett, John E. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Brian L. surname: Wickes fullname: Wickes, Brian L. organization: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Wieland surname: Meyer fullname: Meyer, Wieland organization: Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Christina A. orcidid: 0000-0002-5778-960X surname: Cuomo fullname: Cuomo, Christina A. organization: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Kurt R. surname: Wollenburg fullname: Wollenburg, Kurt R. organization: Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Tihana A. surname: Bicanic fullname: Bicanic, Tihana A. organization: Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 8 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Castañeda fullname: Castañeda, Elizabeth organization: Colombia Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 9 givenname: Yun C. surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Yun C. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Jianghan surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jianghan organization: Mycology Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Massimo surname: Cogliati fullname: Cogliati, Massimo organization: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy – sequence: 12 givenname: Françoise surname: Dromer fullname: Dromer, Françoise organization: Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, Paris, France – sequence: 13 givenname: David surname: Ellis fullname: Ellis, David organization: School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia – sequence: 14 givenname: Scott G. surname: Filler fullname: Filler, Scott G. organization: Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Matthew C. orcidid: 0000-0002-1862-6402 surname: Fisher fullname: Fisher, Matthew C. organization: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 16 givenname: Thomas S. surname: Harrison fullname: Harrison, Thomas S. organization: Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 17 givenname: Steven M. surname: Holland fullname: Holland, Steven M. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Shigeru surname: Kohno fullname: Kohno, Shigeru organization: Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan – sequence: 19 givenname: James W. surname: Kronstad fullname: Kronstad, James W. organization: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada – sequence: 20 givenname: Marcia surname: Lazera fullname: Lazera, Marcia organization: Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – sequence: 21 givenname: Stuart M. surname: Levitz fullname: Levitz, Stuart M. organization: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA – sequence: 22 givenname: Michail S. surname: Lionakis fullname: Lionakis, Michail S. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 23 givenname: Robin C. orcidid: 0000-0001-5364-1838 surname: May fullname: May, Robin C. organization: Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom – sequence: 24 givenname: Popchai surname: Ngamskulrongroj fullname: Ngamskulrongroj, Popchai organization: Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand – sequence: 25 givenname: Peter G. surname: Pappas fullname: Pappas, Peter G. organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA – sequence: 26 givenname: John R. surname: Perfect fullname: Perfect, John R. organization: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA – sequence: 27 givenname: Volker surname: Rickerts fullname: Rickerts, Volker organization: Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 28 givenname: Tania C. surname: Sorrell fullname: Sorrell, Tania C. organization: Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia – sequence: 29 givenname: Thomas J. surname: Walsh fullname: Walsh, Thomas J. organization: Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA – sequence: 30 givenname: Peter R. surname: Williamson fullname: Williamson, Peter R. organization: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 31 givenname: Jianping orcidid: 0000-0003-2915-2780 surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Jianping organization: Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China – sequence: 32 givenname: Adrian M. surname: Zelazny fullname: Zelazny, Adrian M. organization: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA – sequence: 33 givenname: Arturo surname: Casadevall fullname: Casadevall, Arturo organization: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101535$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Cryptococcus gattii genetic diversity species complex Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcosis new nomenclature clade
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Citation Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, Wickes BL, Meyer W, Cuomo CA, Wollenburg KR, Bicanic TA, Castañeda E, Chang YC, Chen J, Cogliati M, Dromer F, Ellis D, Filler SG, Fisher MC, Harrison TS, Holland SM, Kohno S, Kronstad JW, Lazera M, Levitz SM, Lionakis MS, May RC, Ngamskulrongroj P, Pappas PG, Perfect JR, Rickerts V, Sorrell TC, Walsh TJ, Williamson PR, Xu J, Zelazny AM, Casadevall A. 2017. The case for adopting the “species complex” nomenclature for the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. mSphere 2:e00357-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16.
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Snippet	Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . Distinction between the two... Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by and . Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic... ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the... Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species...
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SubjectTerms	clade Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus gattii Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal infections genetic diversity new nomenclature
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Title	The Case for Adopting the “Species Complex” Nomenclature for the Etiologic Agents of Cryptococcosis
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