Seasonality in schizophrenia—An analysis of a nationwide registry with 110,735 hospital admissions

Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Fur...

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Veröffentlicht in:	European psychiatry Jg. 63; H. 1; S. e55
Hauptverfasser:	Hinterbuchinger, B., König, D., Gmeiner, A., Listabarth, S., Fellinger, M., Thenius, C., Baumgartner, J. S., Vyssoki, S., Waldhoer, T., Vyssoki, B., Pruckner, N.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England Cambridge University Press 11.05.2020
Schlagworte:	Adult Age Austria Confidence intervals Datasets Female Gender differences Hospitalization Humans Male Melatonin Mental disorders Middle Aged Patient Admission - statistics & numerical data Patient admissions Psychosis Registries - statistics & numerical data Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - epidemiology Schizophrenia - therapy Seasonal variations seasonality Seasons Severity of Illness Index sex Sexes Vitamin D Women Young Adult Austria Hospitalization schizophrenia seasonality sex
ISSN:	0924-9338, 1778-3585, 1778-3585
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Abstract	Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset. Data on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0-F20.6) for the time period of 2003-2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing. The database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001). Our study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations.
AbstractList	Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset.BACKGROUNDSeasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset.Data on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0-F20.6) for the time period of 2003-2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing.METHODSData on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0-F20.6) for the time period of 2003-2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing.The database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001).RESULTSThe database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001).Our study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations.CONCLUSIONOur study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations. Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset. Data on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0-F20.6) for the time period of 2003-2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing. The database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001). Our study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations. AbstractBackground.Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset.Methods.Data on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0–F20.6) for the time period of 2003–2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing.Results.The database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001).Conclusion.Our study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations. Background.Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia. Previous studies found mixed results and those reporting the presence of seasonality differ regarding the characteristics of these patterns. Further, they are inconclusive whether sex is an influencing factor. The aim of this study was therefore to examine if seasonal patterns in hospitalizations can be found in schizophrenia, with special regard to a possible influence of sex, by using a large national dataset.Methods.Data on all hospital admissions within Austria due to schizophrenia (F20.0–F20.6) for the time period of 2003–2016 were included. Age standardized monthly variation of hospitalization for women and men was analyzed and the level of significance adjusted for multiple testing.Results.The database comprised of 110,735 admissions (59.6% men). Significant seasonal variations were found in the total sample with hospitalization peaks in January and June and a trough in December (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in these patterns was found between women and men with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001).Conclusion.Our study shows that schizophrenia-related hospitalizations follow a seasonal pattern in both men and women. The distribution of peaks might be influenced by photoperiod changes which trigger worsening of symptoms and lead to exacerbations in schizophrenia. Further research is necessary to identify underlying factors influencing seasonal patterns and to assess whether a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia is especially vulnerable to the impact of seasonal variations.
ArticleNumber	e55
Author	Listabarth, S. Baumgartner, J. S. Waldhoer, T. Hinterbuchinger, B. Pruckner, N. König, D. Thenius, C. Vyssoki, S. Gmeiner, A. Fellinger, M. Vyssoki, B.
AuthorAffiliation	1 Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria 2 Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences , St. Pölten , Austria
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria – name: 2 Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria – name: 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences , St. Pölten , Austria
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32389135$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in schizophrenia.... Background.Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in... AbstractBackground.Seasonal patterns in hospitalizations have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, however, it is unclear whether they also exist in...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Age Austria Confidence intervals Datasets Female Gender differences Hospitalization Humans Male Melatonin Mental disorders Middle Aged Patient Admission - statistics & numerical data Patient admissions Psychosis Registries - statistics & numerical data Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - epidemiology Schizophrenia - therapy Seasonal variations seasonality Seasons Severity of Illness Index sex Sexes Vitamin D Women Young Adult
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Title	Seasonality in schizophrenia—An analysis of a nationwide registry with 110,735 hospital admissions
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