Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations

•Autonomous vehicles may lead to safer roads, less congestion and reduced parking.•AVs may also result in fewer vehicles per capita, but more VMT overall.•Each AV is estimated to provide $2000–$4750 per year in societal benefits.•AV barriers include cost, liability, licensing, security, and privacy...

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Published in:	Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice Vol. 77; pp. 167 - 181
Main Authors:	Fagnant, Daniel J., Kockelman, Kara
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2015
Subjects:	Autonomous Autonomous vehicles Congestion Cost-benefit analysis Costs Crashes Liability Licensing Market penetration Privacy Safety Vehicle automation Vehicles Cost-benefit analysis Vehicle automation Safety Congestion Market penetration Autonomous vehicles
ISSN:	0965-8564, 1879-2375
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	•Autonomous vehicles may lead to safer roads, less congestion and reduced parking.•AVs may also result in fewer vehicles per capita, but more VMT overall.•Each AV is estimated to provide $2000–$4750 per year in societal benefits.•AV barriers include cost, liability, licensing, security, and privacy concerns. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive yet beneficial change to our transportation system. This new technology has the potential to impact vehicle safety, congestion, and travel behavior. All told, major social AV impacts in the form of crash savings, travel time reduction, fuel efficiency and parking benefits are estimated to approach $2000 to per year per AV, and may eventually approach nearly $4000 when comprehensive crash costs are accounted for. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Initial costs will likely be unaffordable. Licensing and testing standards in the U.S. are being developed at the state level, rather than nationally, which may lead to inconsistencies across states. Liability details remain undefined, security concerns linger, and without new privacy standards, a default lack of privacy for personal travel may become the norm. The impacts and interactions with other components of the transportation system, as well as implementation details, remain uncertain. To address these concerns, the federal government should expand research in these areas and create a nationally recognized licensing framework for AVs, determining appropriate standards for liability, security, and data privacy.
AbstractList	Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive yet beneficial change to our transportation system. This new technology has the potential to impact vehicle safety, congestion, and travel behavior. All told, major social AV impacts in the form of crash savings, travel time reduction, fuel efficiency and parking benefits are estimated to approach $2000 to per year per AV, and may eventually approach nearly $4000 when comprehensive crash costs are accounted for. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Initial costs will likely be unaffordable. Licensing and testing standards in the U.S. are being developed at the state level, rather than nationally, which may lead to inconsistencies across states. Liability details remain undefined, security concerns linger, and without new privacy standards, a default lack of privacy for personal travel may become the norm. The impacts and interactions with other components of the transportation system, as well as implementation details, remain uncertain. To address these concerns, the federal government should expand research in these areas and create a nationally recognized licensing framework for AVs, determining appropriate standards for liability, security, and data privacy. •Autonomous vehicles may lead to safer roads, less congestion and reduced parking.•AVs may also result in fewer vehicles per capita, but more VMT overall.•Each AV is estimated to provide $2000–$4750 per year in societal benefits.•AV barriers include cost, liability, licensing, security, and privacy concerns. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive yet beneficial change to our transportation system. This new technology has the potential to impact vehicle safety, congestion, and travel behavior. All told, major social AV impacts in the form of crash savings, travel time reduction, fuel efficiency and parking benefits are estimated to approach $2000 to per year per AV, and may eventually approach nearly $4000 when comprehensive crash costs are accounted for. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Initial costs will likely be unaffordable. Licensing and testing standards in the U.S. are being developed at the state level, rather than nationally, which may lead to inconsistencies across states. Liability details remain undefined, security concerns linger, and without new privacy standards, a default lack of privacy for personal travel may become the norm. The impacts and interactions with other components of the transportation system, as well as implementation details, remain uncertain. To address these concerns, the federal government should expand research in these areas and create a nationally recognized licensing framework for AVs, determining appropriate standards for liability, security, and data privacy.
Author	Fagnant, Daniel J. Kockelman, Kara
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel J. surname: Fagnant fullname: Fagnant, Daniel J. email: danfagnant@hotmail.com organization: The University of Utah, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 110 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Kara surname: Kockelman fullname: Kockelman, Kara email: kkockelm@mail.utexas.edu organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, United States
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PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2015-07-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 07 year: 2015 text: 2015-07-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationTitle	Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice
PublicationYear	2015
Publisher	Elsevier Ltd
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier Ltd
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Snippet	•Autonomous vehicles may lead to safer roads, less congestion and reduced parking.•AVs may also result in fewer vehicles per capita, but more VMT overall.•Each... Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive yet beneficial change to our transportation system. This new technology has the potential to...
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SubjectTerms	Autonomous Autonomous vehicles Congestion Cost-benefit analysis Costs Crashes Liability Licensing Market penetration Privacy Safety Vehicle automation Vehicles
Title	Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.003 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1746877953 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1770336276
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