Longitudinal Association of HIV Conspiracy Beliefs with Sexual Risk Among Black Males Living with HIV

Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., “AIDS was produced in a government laboratory”), wh...

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Published in:	AIDS and behavior Vol. 15; no. 6; pp. 1180 - 1186
Main Authors:	Bogart, Laura M., Galvan, Frank H., Wagner, Glenn J., Klein, David J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Boston Springer US 01.08.2011 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Adolescent Adult African Americans AIDS Beliefs Black or African American - psychology Black people California Condoms Conspiracy Cultural factors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Psychology HIV HIV Infections - ethnology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - psychology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectious Diseases Longitudinal Studies Male Males Medical treatment Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mens health Methodology (Data Collection) Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Original Paper Paranoid Behavior - psychology Prevention Prevention programs Preventive medicine Public Health Random effects Risk Risk behavior Risk factors Risk-Taking Secondary prevention Sexual behavior Sexual Behavior - ethnology Sexual Behavior - psychology Sexual Intercourse Sexual Partners Sexually transmitted diseases Socioeconomic Factors STD Trust Trust - psychology Young Adult California African American/Black HIV/AIDS Conspiracy Beliefs Sexual Behavior
ISSN:	1090-7165, 1573-3254, 1573-3254
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Abstract	Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., “AIDS was produced in a government laboratory”), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV.
AbstractList	Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., "AIDS was produced in a government laboratory"), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., "AIDS was produced in a government laboratory"), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV. Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., "AIDS was produced in a government laboratory"), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV.Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., "AIDS was produced in a government laboratory"), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV. Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical mistrust as one such cultural factor, often exhibited as conspiracy beliefs about HIV (e.g., "AIDS was produced in a government laboratory"), which may be indicative of general suspicion of HIV treatment and prevention messages. Over a 6-month time-period, we measured endorsement of HIV conspiracy beliefs three times and frequency of condom use monthly among 181 HIV-positive African American males. A hierarchical multivariate repeated-measures logistic random effects model indicated that greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse across all time-points. An average of 54% of participants who endorsed conspiracies reported unprotected intercourse, versus 39% who did not endorse conspiracies. Secondary prevention interventions may need to address medical mistrust as a contributor to sexual risk among African Americans living with HIV. Adapted from the source document.
Author	Klein, David J. Galvan, Frank H. Bogart, Laura M. Wagner, Glenn J.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Laura M. surname: Bogart fullname: Bogart, Laura M. email: laura.bogart@childrens.harvard.edu organization: Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston & Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School – sequence: 2 givenname: Frank H. surname: Galvan fullname: Galvan, Frank H. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science – sequence: 3 givenname: Glenn J. surname: Wagner fullname: Wagner, Glenn J. organization: Health Unit, RAND Corporation – sequence: 4 givenname: David J. surname: Klein fullname: Klein, David J. organization: Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston & Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
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Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;Epub. A Mitsch (9796_CR2) 2008; 57 H Landrine (9796_CR7) 2001 LM Bogart (9796_CR13) 2010; 53 LM Bogart (9796_CR12) 2005; 38 L Wilton (9796_CR17) 2009; 13 F Sifakis (9796_CR5) 2005; 54 NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial for African American Couples Group (9796_CR19) 2008; 49 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (9796_CR3) 2008; 57 GE Wyatt (9796_CR20) 2009; 99 DR Williams (9796_CR16) 2008; 49 TK Logan (9796_CR24) 2002; 128 K Armstrong (9796_CR9) 2007; 97 K Armstrong (9796_CR10) 2008; 23 KT Jones (9796_CR18) 2008; 98 JM Simoni (9796_CR21) 2006; 43 DT Brandon (9796_CR8) 2005; 97 EG Bing (9796_CR6) 2008; 100 9796_CR14 GM Fitzmaurice (9796_CR15) 2004 SJ Mize (9796_CR23) 2002; 14 HD Dean (9796_CR4) 2005; 97 JM Simoni (9796_CR22) 2003; 11 9796_CR1 MW Ross (9796_CR11) 2006; 41
References_xml	– reference: Centers for Disease Control and PreventionSubpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system–United States, 2006MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep20085736985989 – reference: WyattGEEnhancing cultural and contextual intervention strategies to reduce HIV/AIDS among African AmericansAm J Public Health20099911194119451976266610.2105/AJPH.2008.152181 – reference: DeanHDSteeleCBSatcherAJNakashimaAKHIV/AIDS among minority races and ethnicities in the United States, 1999–2003J Natl Med Assoc2005977 Suppl5S12S16080451 – reference: BingEGBinghamTMillettGAResearch needed to more effectively combat HIV among African-American men who have sex with menJ Natl Med Assoc20081001525618277808 – reference: SimoniJMFrickPAPantaloneDWTurnerBJAntiretroviral adherence interventions: a review of current literature and ongoing studiesTop HIV Med200311618519814724327 – reference: LandrineHKlonoffEABaumASingerJRevensonTCultural diversity and health psychologyHandbook of health psychology2001Mahwah, NJErlbaum855895 – reference: MizeSJRobinsonBEBocktingWOScheltemaKEMeta-analysis of the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for womenAIDS Care20021421631801194027610.1080/095401202201046861:STN:280:DC%2BD383gs1yguw%3D%3D – reference: WilliamsDRAllenSPadianNProject Eban: a giant step forwardJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr200849S1S21872418510.1097/QAI.0b013e318186d2d8 – reference: BogartLMWagnerGGalvanFHBanksDConspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among African American men with HIVJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr2010535648655199527671:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvVSisrg%3D – reference: Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;Epub. – reference: SifakisFFlynnCPMetschLRLaLotaMMurrillCKoblinBAHIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men–five US cities, June 2004-April 2005MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep20055424597601 – reference: MitschAHuXHarrisonKMDurantTTrends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men–33 states, 2001–2006MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep20085725681686 – reference: SimoniJMPearsonCRPantaloneDWMarksGCrepatzNEfficacy of interventions in improving highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence and HIV-1 RNA viral loadJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr2006431S23S351713320110.1097/01.qai.0000248342.05438.52 – reference: RossMWEssienEJTorresIConspiracy beliefs about the origin of HIV/AIDS in four racial/ethnic groupsJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr20064133423441654093510.1097/01.qai.0000209897.59384.52 – reference: ArmstrongKRavenellKLMcMurphySPuttMRacial/ethnic differences in physician distrust in the United StatesAm J Public Health2007977128312891753806910.2105/AJPH.2005.080762 – reference: FitzmauriceGMLipsitzSRWareJHApplied longitudinal analysis2004New YorkWiley – reference: JonesKTGrayPWhitesideYOWangTBostDDunbarEEvaluation of an HIV prevention intervention adapted for Black men who have sex with menAm J Public Health2008986104310501844579510.2105/AJPH.2007.120337 – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and AIDS in the United States: a picture of today’s epidemic. 2008; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/united_states.htm. – reference: BrandonDTIsaacLALaVeistTAThe legacy of Tuskegee and trust in medical care: is Tuskegee responsible for race differences in mistrust of medical care?J Natl Med Assoc200597795195616080664 – reference: ArmstrongKMcMurphySDeanLTMiccoEPuttMHalbertCHDifferences in the patterns of health care system distrust between blacks and whitesJ Gen Intern Med20082368278331829993910.1007/s11606-008-0561-9 – reference: NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial for African American Couples GroupMethodological overview of an African American couple-based HIV/STD prevention trialJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr200849S3S1410.1097/QAI.0b013e3181842570 – reference: WiltonLHerbstJHCoury-DonigerPPainterTMEnglishGAlvarezMEEfficacy of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for black men who have sex with men: findings from the Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) projectAIDS Behav2009135325441926726410.1007/s10461-009-9529-y – reference: LoganTKColeJLeukefeldCWomen, sex, and HIV: social and contextual factors, meta-analysis of published interventions, and implications for practice and researchPsychol Bull200212868518851240513510.1037/0033-2909.128.6.8511:STN:280:DC%2BD38nksFKgsg%3D%3D – reference: BogartLMThorburnSAre HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs a barrier to HIV prevention among African Americans?J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr20053822132181567180810.1097/00126334-200502010-00014 – volume: 53 start-page: 648 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: 9796_CR13 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c57dbc – ident: 9796_CR14 doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9200-x – volume: 97 start-page: 951 issue: 7 year: 2005 ident: 9796_CR8 publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc – volume: 128 start-page: 851 issue: 6 year: 2002 ident: 9796_CR24 publication-title: Psychol Bull doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.851 – volume: 13 start-page: 532 year: 2009 ident: 9796_CR17 publication-title: AIDS Behav doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9529-y – volume: 57 start-page: 985 issue: 36 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR3 publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep – volume: 23 start-page: 827 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR10 publication-title: J Gen Intern Med doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0561-9 – volume: 49 start-page: S1 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR16 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318186d2d8 – volume: 54 start-page: 597 issue: 24 year: 2005 ident: 9796_CR5 publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep – volume: 41 start-page: 342 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 9796_CR11 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000209897.59384.52 – volume: 57 start-page: 681 issue: 25 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR2 publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep – volume-title: Applied longitudinal analysis year: 2004 ident: 9796_CR15 – volume: 14 start-page: 163 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 9796_CR23 publication-title: AIDS Care doi: 10.1080/09540120220104686 – volume: 38 start-page: 213 issue: 2 year: 2005 ident: 9796_CR12 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/00126334-200502010-00014 – ident: 9796_CR1 – volume: 100 start-page: 52 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR6 publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc doi: 10.1016/S0027-9684(15)31174-3 – volume: 11 start-page: 185 issue: 6 year: 2003 ident: 9796_CR22 publication-title: Top HIV Med – volume: 97 start-page: 5S issue: 7 Suppl year: 2005 ident: 9796_CR4 publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc – start-page: 855 volume-title: Handbook of health psychology year: 2001 ident: 9796_CR7 – volume: 99 start-page: 1941 issue: 11 year: 2009 ident: 9796_CR20 publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.152181 – volume: 49 start-page: S3 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR19 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181842570 – volume: 43 start-page: S23 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 9796_CR21 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000248342.05438.52 – volume: 97 start-page: 1283 issue: 7 year: 2007 ident: 9796_CR9 publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.080762 – volume: 98 start-page: 1043 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: 9796_CR18 publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120337
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Snippet	Research is needed to identify culturally relevant factors that may contribute to sexual risk among African Americans. We investigated HIV-specific medical...
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SubjectTerms	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Adolescent Adult African Americans AIDS Beliefs Black or African American - psychology Black people California Condoms Conspiracy Cultural factors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Psychology HIV HIV Infections - ethnology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - psychology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectious Diseases Longitudinal Studies Male Males Medical treatment Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mens health Methodology (Data Collection) Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Original Paper Paranoid Behavior - psychology Prevention Prevention programs Preventive medicine Public Health Random effects Risk Risk behavior Risk factors Risk-Taking Secondary prevention Sexual behavior Sexual Behavior - ethnology Sexual Behavior - psychology Sexual Intercourse Sexual Partners Sexually transmitted diseases Socioeconomic Factors STD Trust Trust - psychology Young Adult
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Title	Longitudinal Association of HIV Conspiracy Beliefs with Sexual Risk Among Black Males Living with HIV
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