Prevalence of therapeutic drugs in blood of drivers involved in traffic crashes in the area of Bologna, Italy
•The prevalence of psychoactive drugs in the blood of Italian drivers was studied.•The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medications (13.6%).•The prevalence of Benzodiazepines (7.3%) was much higher than in previous studies.•Antidepressants/antipsychotics and medical opio...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Forensic science international Jg. 302; S. 109914 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ireland
Elsevier B.V
01.09.2019
Elsevier Limited |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0379-0738, 1872-6283, 1872-6283 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | •The prevalence of psychoactive drugs in the blood of Italian drivers was studied.•The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medications (13.6%).•The prevalence of Benzodiazepines (7.3%) was much higher than in previous studies.•Antidepressants/antipsychotics and medical opioids had a prevalence of 7.2% and 3.1%.•Medications were mostly found in females and in drivers older than 60-year-old.
Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.
The toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.
The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.
Results for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •The prevalence of psychoactive drugs in the blood of Italian drivers was studied.•The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medications (13.6%).•The prevalence of Benzodiazepines (7.3%) was much higher than in previous studies.•Antidepressants/antipsychotics and medical opioids had a prevalence of 7.2% and 3.1%.•Medications were mostly found in females and in drivers older than 60-year-old.
Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.
The toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.
The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.
Results for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.The toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.Results for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.INTRODUCTIONPsychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.The toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.RESULTSThe highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.Results for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs.CONCLUSIONResults for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups. The toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups. The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day. Results for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. IntroductionPsychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect on driving ability. In previous epidemiological studies performed on impaired and/or injured drivers, not all relevant psychoactive substances were included in the toxicological assessment, and their prevalence may be underestimated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of a large set of psychoactive substances (n=53) in Italian drivers involved in a road traffic crash and in predefined population subgroups.Materials and methodsThe toxicological analyses were performed on the whole blood of 1026 drivers involved in a road traffic crash in the area of Bologna, Italy, from January 2017 to March 2018. Analyses were performed using GC-FID (alcohol), GCMS (illicit drugs) and LC/HRMS (psychoactive drugs). The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, age and crash time. Descriptive statistics were used in order to assess differences among sub-groups.ResultsThe highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by medicinal drugs (13.6%) and illicit drugs (5.5%). The prevalence of BdZ, AA and MO were 7.3%, 7.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The frequency of BDZ and AA was significantly higher in female drivers and showed higher prevalence at increasing age. The presence of medicinal drugs was significantly higher during the week and in crashes occurring during the day.ConclusionResults for alcohol and illicit drugs partially overlap with those reported in previous European and Italian studies, but the prevalence of BdZ was much higher. We also found a high prevalence of AA, which are rarely investigated in epidemiological studies performed on drivers, but may cause impairment of the ability to drive, especially when taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs. The pattern of medication use differs from that involving drugs of abuse, since it is mainly observed in female subjects and older drivers and does not follow the same weekly trend observed for alcohol and other illicit drugs. |
| ArticleNumber | 109914 |
| Author | Reyns, Tim Barone, Rossella Garagnani, Marco Rossi, Francesca Pelotti, Susi Verstraete, Alain G. Pelletti, Guido |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guido orcidid: 0000-0003-3263-1758 surname: Pelletti fullname: Pelletti, Guido email: guido.pelletti2@unibo.it organization: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Alain G. orcidid: 0000-0002-0956-3315 surname: Verstraete fullname: Verstraete, Alain G. organization: Ghent University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium – sequence: 3 givenname: Tim surname: Reyns fullname: Reyns, Tim organization: Ghent University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium – sequence: 4 givenname: Rossella surname: Barone fullname: Barone, Rossella email: rossella.barone3@unibo.it organization: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Francesca surname: Rossi fullname: Rossi, Francesca email: francesca.rossi@unibo.it organization: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Marco surname: Garagnani fullname: Garagnani, Marco email: marco.garagnani@unibo.it organization: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Susi orcidid: 0000-0003-2214-8885 surname: Pelotti fullname: Pelotti, Susi email: susi.pelotti@unibo.it organization: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31419592$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkc1u1DAUhS1URKeFV4BIbFiQwT9xYi9QVSp-KlWCBawt27lpPXjiwXYizdvjMC2L2bQrS9ff-Szfc4ZOxjACQm8IXhNM2g-b9RBiss6NeU0xkWUqJWmeoRURHa1bKtgJWmHWyRp3TJyis5Q2GGPOafsCnTLSEMklXaHtjwiz9jBaqMJQ5TuIegdTdrbq43SbKjdWxofQL7d9dDPEZTYHP0O_XOaoh6HQNup0B__4Iql0BL1EPgUfbkf9vrrO2u9foueD9gle3Z_n6NeXzz-vvtU3379eX13e1LYRIteN5Q0RBNt2gF5KQzVwwoVhom-gw2YwREow3BKDCZG4M4K3HcPQdwYbI9k5enfw7mL4M0HKauuSBe_1CGFKijLMiWwxE4-jtOOU41aygr49QjdhimP5SBGSomS04YV6fU9NZgu92kW31XGvHnZegI8HwMaQUoRBWZd1dmEsu3ReEayWjtVG_e9YLR2rQ8cl3x3lH554PHl5SELZ_ewgqgIt1fcugs2qD-4Jjosjh_VudFb737B_kuEvuhHazA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fchem_2020_00626 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00414_024_03291_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_forsciint_2022_111479 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics10020064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aap_2022_106713 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jchromb_2021_122867 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aap_2023_107413 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_forsciint_2021_111097 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rcsop_2024_100538 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2024_116054 crossref_primary_10_1177_0025802420937577 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_legalmed_2022_102139 crossref_primary_10_1080_15389588_2021_2002853 crossref_primary_10_1177_00258024231154219 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2025_6379 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_110004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2023_115315 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12024_021_00382_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18084104 crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo13050661 crossref_primary_10_1002_dta_3170 crossref_primary_10_3390_separations10120589 crossref_primary_10_3390_chemosensors11020133 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1080/15389588.2016.1201205 10.1080/15389588.2018.1500018 10.1007/s11096-012-9658-7 10.1186/cc11441 10.1093/alcalc/agy050 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.004 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.003 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02277.x 10.4088/JCP.v64n0106 10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.026 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.010 10.1002/dta.1393 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.038 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.008 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.017 10.1186/s40621-019-0209-8 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.013 10.1093/jat/bkx082 10.1007/BF01061430 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04279.x 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.10.023 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.031 10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.002 10.1371/journal.pone.0199302 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Elsevier B.V. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2019. Elsevier B.V. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 Elsevier B.V. – notice: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. – notice: 2019. Elsevier B.V. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7QP 7RV 7U7 7X7 7XB 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI C1K CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K9. KB0 LK8 M0S M1P M2O M7P MBDVC NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Nursing & allied health premium. Toxicology Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Local Electronic Collection Information Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Biological Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Research Library Biological Science Database (ProQuest) Research Library (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic Toxicology Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Research Library Prep |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7RV name: Nursing & Allied Health Database url: https://search.proquest.com/nahs sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Public Health |
| EISSN | 1872-6283 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 31419592 10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 S0379073819303263 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Italy Japan |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Italy – name: Japan |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .4L .FO .GJ .~1 04C 0R~ 186 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~. 1~5 29H 3O- 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 7RV 7X7 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8P~ 9JM 9JN 9JO AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAFJI AAHBH AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARLI AATTM AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABFNM ABFRF ABGSF ABJNI ABLJU ABMAC ABMMH ABMZM ABOCM ABUDA ABUWG ABWVN ABXDB ABZDS ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIEU ACIUM ACIWK ACLOT ACNNM ACPRK ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADECG ADEZE ADFRT ADMUD ADNMO ADUVX AEBSH AEFWE AEHWI AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFFNX AFJKZ AFKRA AFPUW AFRAH AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AFZHZ AGHFR AGQPQ AGRDE AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHMBA AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJSZI AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALCLG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX AOMHK APXCP ASPBG AVARZ AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BKEYQ BKOJK BLXMC BMSDO BNPGV BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CS3 DU5 DWQXO EBD EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EIHBH EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 EX3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FLBIZ FNPLU FYGXN FYUFA G-2 G-Q GBLVA GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ HDY HMCUK HMK HMO HVGLF HZ~ I-F IAO IEA IHE ILT IOF ITC J1W KOM LK8 M1P M29 M2O M41 M7P MO0 N9A NAPCQ O-L O9- OAUVE OG0 OGGZJ OS0 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PRBVW PROAC PSQYO Q38 R2- RNS ROL RPZ SAE SCB SCC SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSB SSH SSK SSO SSP SSU SSZ T5K TAE TN5 UKHRP ULE WH7 WOW WUQ Z5R ZGI ~02 ~G- ~HD 3V. AACTN AAIAV AATCM ABLVK ABYKQ AFCTW AFKWA AJBFU AJOXV AKYCK AMFUW DOVZS LCYCR RIG 9DU AAYXX AFFHD CITATION ALIPV NPM 7QP 7U7 7XB 8FK C1K K9. MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 PUEGO 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-4c541810c6fed99b2ae5158b38d4e70bfb199eb5c1b011907b856730ed7b0bb93 |
| IEDL.DBID | M7P |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 24 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000496801100061&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0379-0738 1872-6283 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 10:15:19 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 07:00:54 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 14:58:44 EST 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:03:03 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:18:26 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:17:52 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:38:08 EST 2024 Tue Oct 14 19:30:44 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Road traffic crashes Drivers Epidemiology Driving under the influence Psychoactive medicinal drugs |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c488t-4c541810c6fed99b2ae5158b38d4e70bfb199eb5c1b011907b856730ed7b0bb93 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3263-1758 0000-0002-0956-3315 0000-0003-2214-8885 |
| PMID | 31419592 |
| PQID | 2313053245 |
| PQPubID | 1226354 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2305196038 proquest_miscellaneous_2275250693 proquest_journals_2313053245 pubmed_primary_31419592 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-09-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-09-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2019 text: 2019-09-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Ireland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Ireland – name: Amsterdam |
| PublicationTitle | Forensic science international |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Forensic Sci Int |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier Limited |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier Limited |
| References | Wickens, Mann, Brands, Ialomiteanu, Fischer, Watson, Matheson, Stoduto, Rehm (bib0100) 2018; 121 Hoiseth, Berg-Hansen, Oiestad, Bachs, Morland (bib0130) 2017; 18 Vindenes, Jordbru, Knapskog, Kvan, Mathisrud, Slordal, Morland (bib0140) 2012; 219 Schulz, Iwersen-Bergmann, Andresen, Schmoldt (bib0065) 2012; 16 Orriols, Gbaguidi, Contrand, Gadegbeku, Lagarde (bib0145) 2019; 6 Logan, D’Orazio, Mohr, Limoges, Miles, Scarneo, Kerrigan, Liddicoat, Scott, Huestis (bib0060) 2018; 42 Cosci, Mansueto, Faccini, Casari, Lugoboni (bib0105) 2016; 69 Favretto, Visentin, Stocchero, Vogliardi, Snenghi, Montisci (bib0120) 2018; 19 Snenghi, Pelletti, Frigo, Forza, Nalesso, Montisci, Favretto (bib0020) 2018; 53 Hiemke, Bergemann, Clement, Conca, Deckert, Domschke, Eckermann, Egberts, Gerlach, Greiner, Grunder, Haen, Havemann-Reinecke, Hefner, Helmer, Janssen, Jaquenoud, Laux, Messer, Mossner, Muller, Paulzen, Pfuhlmann, Riederer, Saria, Schoppek, Schoretsanitis, Schwarz, Gracia, Stegmann, Steimer, Stingl, Uhr, Ulrich, Unterecker, Waschgler, Zernig, Zurek, Baumann (bib0070) 2018; 51 Morland, Steentoft, Simonsen, Ojanpera, Vuori, Magnusdottir, Kristinsson, Ceder, Kronstrand, Christophersen (bib0095) 2011; 43 Legrand, Boets, Meesmann, Verstraete (bib0150) 2012; 34 Carfora, Campobasso, Cassandro, Petrella, Borriello (bib0035) 2018; 288 Walsh, Verstraete, Huestis, Morland (bib0045) 2008; 103 Ramaekers (bib0080) 2003; 64 Blencowe, Pehrsson, Mykkanen, Gunnar, Lillsunde (bib0115) 2012; 217 Alcaniz, Guillen, Santolino (bib0110) 2018; 13 Verstraete, Legrand, Vandam, Hughes, Griffiths (bib0075) 2014 Ravera, De Gier (bib0090) 2010 Gómez Talegón, Fierro, Álvarez, Río (bib0015) 2011 Verstraete, Knoche, Jantos, Skopp, Gjerde, Vindenes, Mørland, Langel, Lillsunde (bib0050) 2011 Hoiseth, Andas, Bachs, Morland (bib0025) 2014; 145 Schulze, Schumacher, Urmeew, Alvarez, Bernhoft, de Gier, Hagenzieker, Houwing, Knoche, Pilgerstorfe (bib0010) 2012 Legrand, Isalberti, der Linden, Bernhoft, Hels, Simonsen, Favretto, Ferrara, Caplinskiene, Minkuviene, Pauliukevicius, Houwing, Mathijssen, Lillsunde, Langel, Blencowe, Verstraete (bib0030) 2013; 5 Ravera, Monteiro, de Gier, van der Linden, Gomez-Talegon, Alvarez (bib0005) 2012; 74 Elvik (bib0085) 2013; 60 Valen, Bogstrand, Vindenes, Gjerde (bib0125) 2017; 280 Wolff, Brimblecombe, Forfar, Forrest, Gilvarry, Johnston, Morgan, Osselton, Read, Taylor (bib0135) 2013 Bareggi, Truci, Leva, Zecca, Pirola, Smirne (bib0155) 1988; 34 Ferrari, Manca, Premaschi, Banfi, Locatelli (bib0040) 2018; 288 Pelletti, Garagnani, Rossi, Roffi, Barone, Pelotti (bib0055) 2019; 294 Wickens (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0100) 2018; 121 Bareggi (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0155) 1988; 34 Verstraete (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0050) 2011 Ravera (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0090) 2010 Schulz (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0065) 2012; 16 Ferrari (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0040) 2018; 288 Vindenes (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0140) 2012; 219 Snenghi (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0020) 2018; 53 Walsh (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0045) 2008; 103 Cosci (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0105) 2016; 69 Hoiseth (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0130) 2017; 18 Favretto (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0120) 2018; 19 Ramaekers (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0080) 2003; 64 Legrand (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0030) 2013; 5 Alcaniz (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0110) 2018; 13 Ravera (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0005) 2012; 74 Elvik (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0085) 2013; 60 Legrand (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0150) 2012; 34 Carfora (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0035) 2018; 288 Morland (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0095) 2011; 43 Schulze (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0010) 2012 Blencowe (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0115) 2012; 217 Wolff (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0135) 2013 Hoiseth (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0025) 2014; 145 Gómez Talegón (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0015) 2011 Orriols (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0145) 2019; 6 Hiemke (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0070) 2018; 51 Verstraete (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0075) 2014 Pelletti (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0055) 2019; 294 Logan (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0060) 2018; 42 Valen (10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0125) 2017; 280 |
| References_xml | – year: 2013 ident: bib0135 article-title: Driving under the influence of drugs: report from the Expert Panel on Drug Driving – volume: 34 start-page: 109 year: 1988 end-page: 112 ident: bib0155 article-title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and oral chlordesmethyldiazepam in humans publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. – volume: 288 start-page: 291 year: 2018 end-page: 296 ident: bib0035 article-title: Alcohol and drugs use among drivers injured in road accidents in Campania (Italy): a 8-years retrospective analysis publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – volume: 145 start-page: 174 year: 2014 end-page: 179 ident: bib0025 article-title: Impairment due to amphetamines and benzodiazepines, alone and in combination publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. – volume: 217 start-page: 107 year: 2012 end-page: 112 ident: bib0115 article-title: Cannabis findings in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs in Finland from 2006 to 2008 publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – volume: 74 start-page: 920 year: 2012 end-page: 931 ident: bib0005 article-title: A European approach to categorizing medicines for fitness to drive: outcomes of the DRUID project publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. – year: 2011 ident: bib0015 article-title: Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: coordination and synthesis report, Deliverable 4.4.1 in the 6FP DRUID – volume: 19 start-page: 786 year: 2018 end-page: 793 ident: bib0120 article-title: Driving under the influence of drugs: prevalence in road traffic accidents in Italy and considerations on per se limits legislation publication-title: Traffic Inj. Prev. – volume: 288 start-page: 211 year: 2018 end-page: 217 ident: bib0040 article-title: Toxicological investigation in blood samples from suspected impaired driving cases in the Milan area: possible loss of evidence due to late blood sampling publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – volume: 51 start-page: e1 year: 2018 ident: bib0070 article-title: Consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology: update 2017 publication-title: Pharmacopsychiatry – volume: 5 start-page: 156 year: 2013 end-page: 165 ident: bib0030 article-title: Alcohol and drugs in seriously injured drivers in six European countries publication-title: Drug Test. Anal. – volume: 53 start-page: 735 year: 2018 end-page: 741 ident: bib0020 article-title: The dangerous pattern of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine among drunk-drivers of Northeast Italy publication-title: Alcohol Alcohol – volume: 42 start-page: 63 year: 2018 end-page: 68 ident: bib0060 article-title: Recommendations for toxicological investigation of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities-2017 update publication-title: J. Anal. Toxicol. – volume: 219 start-page: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 11 ident: bib0140 article-title: Impairment based legislative limits for driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in Norway publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – year: 2010 ident: bib0090 article-title: Relative accident risk of patients using psychotropic medicines in the Netherlands: A pharmacoepidemiological study. Deliverable 2.3.1 in the 6FP DRUID – volume: 6 start-page: 32 year: 2019 ident: bib0145 article-title: Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study publication-title: Inj. Epidemiol. – year: 2014 ident: bib0075 article-title: Drug Use, Impaired Driving and Traffic Accidents – volume: 43 start-page: 1920 year: 2011 end-page: 1926 ident: bib0095 article-title: Drugs related to motor vehicle crashes in northern European countries: a study of fatally injured drivers publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. – volume: 294 start-page: 27 year: 2019 end-page: 33 ident: bib0055 article-title: Optimization of cloned enzyme donor immunoassay cut-offs for drugs of abuse in whole blood of drivers involved in road accidents publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – volume: 103 start-page: 1258 year: 2008 end-page: 1268 ident: bib0045 article-title: Guidelines for research on drugged driving publication-title: Addiction – volume: 34 start-page: 633 year: 2012 end-page: 643 ident: bib0150 article-title: Medicines and driving: evaluation of training and software support for patient counselling by pharmacists publication-title: Int. J. Clin. Pharm. – year: 2011 ident: bib0050 article-title: Per se limits: methods of defining cut-off values for zero tolerance, deliverable 1.4.2 in the 6FP DRUID – volume: 16 start-page: R136 year: 2012 ident: bib0065 article-title: Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics publication-title: Crit. Care – volume: 64 start-page: 20 year: 2003 end-page: 29 ident: bib0080 article-title: Antidepressants and driver impairment: empirical evidence from a standard on-the-road test publication-title: J. Clin. Psychiatry – volume: 121 start-page: 14 year: 2018 end-page: 19 ident: bib0100 article-title: Driving under the influence of prescription opioids: self-reported prevalence and association with collision risk in a large Canadian jurisdiction publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. – volume: 60 start-page: 254 year: 2013 end-page: 267 ident: bib0085 article-title: Risk of road accident associated with the use of drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from epidemiological studies publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: bib0110 article-title: Prevalence of drug use among drivers based on mandatory, random tests in a roadside survey publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 18 start-page: 244 year: 2017 end-page: 250 ident: bib0130 article-title: Impairment due to alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and benzodiazepines in impaired drivers compared to experimental studies publication-title: Traffic Inj. Prev. – volume: 69 start-page: 211 year: 2016 end-page: 215 ident: bib0105 article-title: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of benzodiazepine long-term users: results from a tertiary care center publication-title: Compr. Psychiatry – volume: 280 start-page: 15 year: 2017 end-page: 24 ident: bib0125 article-title: Toxicological findings in suspected drug-impaired drivers in Norway—trends during 1990–2015 publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. – year: 2012 ident: bib0010 article-title: Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcoholand Medicines in Europe—Findings From the DRUID Project – volume: 18 start-page: 244 issue: 3 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0130 article-title: Impairment due to alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and benzodiazepines in impaired drivers compared to experimental studies publication-title: Traffic Inj. Prev. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1201205 – volume: 19 start-page: 786 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0120 article-title: Driving under the influence of drugs: prevalence in road traffic accidents in Italy and considerations on per se limits legislation publication-title: Traffic Inj. Prev. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1500018 – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0135 – volume: 34 start-page: 633 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0150 article-title: Medicines and driving: evaluation of training and software support for patient counselling by pharmacists publication-title: Int. J. Clin. Pharm. doi: 10.1007/s11096-012-9658-7 – volume: 16 start-page: R136 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0065 article-title: Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics publication-title: Crit. Care doi: 10.1186/cc11441 – volume: 51 start-page: e1 issue: 1–02 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0070 article-title: Consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology: update 2017 publication-title: Pharmacopsychiatry – volume: 53 start-page: 735 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0020 article-title: The dangerous pattern of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine among drunk-drivers of Northeast Italy publication-title: Alcohol Alcohol doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agy050 – volume: 219 start-page: 1 issue: 1–3 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0140 article-title: Impairment based legislative limits for driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in Norway publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.004 – volume: 288 start-page: 291 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0035 article-title: Alcohol and drugs use among drivers injured in road accidents in Campania (Italy): a 8-years retrospective analysis publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.003 – volume: 103 start-page: 1258 issue: 8 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0045 article-title: Guidelines for research on drugged driving publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02277.x – volume: 64 start-page: 20 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0080 article-title: Antidepressants and driver impairment: empirical evidence from a standard on-the-road test publication-title: J. Clin. Psychiatry doi: 10.4088/JCP.v64n0106 – volume: 121 start-page: 14 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0100 article-title: Driving under the influence of prescription opioids: self-reported prevalence and association with collision risk in a large Canadian jurisdiction publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.026 – volume: 280 start-page: 15 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0125 article-title: Toxicological findings in suspected drug-impaired drivers in Norway—trends during 1990–2015 publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.010 – volume: 5 start-page: 156 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0030 article-title: Alcohol and drugs in seriously injured drivers in six European countries publication-title: Drug Test. Anal. doi: 10.1002/dta.1393 – volume: 288 start-page: 211 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0040 article-title: Toxicological investigation in blood samples from suspected impaired driving cases in the Milan area: possible loss of evidence due to late blood sampling publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.038 – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0075 – volume: 69 start-page: 211 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0105 article-title: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of benzodiazepine long-term users: results from a tertiary care center publication-title: Compr. Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.008 – volume: 60 start-page: 254 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0085 article-title: Risk of road accident associated with the use of drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from epidemiological studies publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.017 – volume: 6 start-page: 32 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0145 article-title: Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study publication-title: Inj. Epidemiol. doi: 10.1186/s40621-019-0209-8 – volume: 145 start-page: 174 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0025 article-title: Impairment due to amphetamines and benzodiazepines, alone and in combination publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.013 – volume: 42 start-page: 63 issue: 2 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0060 article-title: Recommendations for toxicological investigation of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities-2017 update publication-title: J. Anal. Toxicol. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkx082 – volume: 34 start-page: 109 issue: 1 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0155 article-title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous and oral chlordesmethyldiazepam in humans publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1007/BF01061430 – volume: 74 start-page: 920 issue: 6 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0005 article-title: A European approach to categorizing medicines for fitness to drive: outcomes of the DRUID project publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04279.x – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0090 – volume: 294 start-page: 27 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0055 article-title: Optimization of cloned enzyme donor immunoassay cut-offs for drugs of abuse in whole blood of drivers involved in road accidents publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.10.023 – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0050 – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0015 – volume: 217 start-page: 107 issue: 1–3 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0115 article-title: Cannabis findings in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs in Finland from 2006 to 2008 publication-title: Forensic Sci. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.031 – volume: 43 start-page: 1920 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0095 article-title: Drugs related to motor vehicle crashes in northern European countries: a study of fatally injured drivers publication-title: Accid. Anal. Prev. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.002 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0010 – volume: 13 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914_bib0110 article-title: Prevalence of drug use among drivers based on mandatory, random tests in a roadside survey publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199302 |
| SSID | ssj0005526 |
| Score | 2.3966382 |
| Snippet | •The prevalence of psychoactive drugs in the blood of Italian drivers was studied.•The highest prevalence was found for alcohol (17.3%), followed by... Psychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an impairing effect... IntroductionPsychoactive medicines, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (BdZ), antidepressants and antipsychotics (AA) and medical opioids (MO), have an... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 109914 |
| SubjectTerms | Alcohol Alcohols Antidepressants Antipsychotics Benzodiazepines Blood Chromatography Crashes descriptive statistics Drivers Driving ability Driving under the influence Drug abuse Drug dosages drug therapy Drugs epidemiological studies Epidemiology ethanol females Forensic sciences gas chromatography illicit drugs Italy Legislation Mass spectrometry Narcotics Occupant injuries Older people Opioids Psychoactive medicinal drugs Psychotropic drugs Road traffic crashes Scientific imaging Subgroups toxicity testing Traffic Traffic accidents |
| Title | Prevalence of therapeutic drugs in blood of drivers involved in traffic crashes in the area of Bologna, Italy |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0379073819303263 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109914 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31419592 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2313053245 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2275250693 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2305196038 |
| Volume | 302 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000496801100061&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950105 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 20251007 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19970207 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 20251007 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19970207 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 20251007 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19970207 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 20251007 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19970207 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6283 dateEnd: 20251007 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005526 issn: 0379-0738 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 19970207 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7RlgNSxZuyUFZG4khEEieOzQVR1AokWFYVoL1FfqUsgmxJdivx75lxHoVDWyQukRJ7Iitjz3yxv5kBeIZORulcJlFaWR1l1slIes4jVQmpY6FdIkKg8PtiNpOLhZr3G25tT6scbGIw1G5laY_8BeIQTlUMsvzV6c-IqkbR6WpfQmMLdihLAg_Uvfk5xSNPxV-cLsSB6FiWNZEoE0WplFSSXeSRLkKcwfMc3frfMd-Gmz3mZK-7SXIHrvn6Lux2G3asi0O6Bz8omZMOIUhsVbE_4rKYazYnLVvWLLDcqdU1gc6Bz9C6nXlHjetGUzoKZhvdfvWhP76EaUSlJHJAVrbWz9k7hPu_7sPno8NPb95GfS2GyOISX6MW8wzBQGxF5Z1SJtUekZA0XLrMF7GpDCrdm9wmhrLIxYWRuUDr4V1hYmMUfwDb9ar2D4Fpk6qskFpz4TIl8A_NIOywFbeZNr4yExCDPkrbJyqnehnfy4GR9q0cFVmSIstOkROIR8HTLlfH1SJyUHg5hKKi8SzRn1wt-nIU7dFKh0L-TXh_mDFlbzTa8ny6TODp2IzLnc5wdO1XG-yTFnQQLRS_pA8nXC5iLiew183c8XvwJKN0QumjywfwGG7QaDsy3T5sr5uNfwLX7dl62TZT2CqOv9B1UYSrnMLOweFsfox3H9KP07AKfwPQVzhy |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB5VBQkkxPuxUMBIcCMiiRPHRkKIV9VVlxVCBfVm_AosgmxJdov6p_iNzCSbFA5tufTANfZETjIz3zj-ZgbgIYKMMrlMorR0Jsqcl5EMnEeqFNLEwvhEtInCk2I6lbu76t0a_OpzYYhW2fvE1lH7uaN_5E8wDuHUxSDLn-_9iKhrFJ2u9i00OrXYDgc_ccvWPBu_xu_7KE033-y82opWXQUih8q6wPXkGcJa7EQZvFI2NQExXVoufRaK2JYWlx9s7hJL9dDiwspcoB0EX9jYWiq-hC7_DPrxhChkxfuPh5SSPBV_ccgw7kQgm1VE2kwUlW5SSXYUAh4V4bZIt3npf3tHl-HiKqZmLzojuAJroboKF7ofkqzLs7oG36lYlWlTrNi8ZH_knTFfLz83bFaxlsVPo75u6Sp4Db33fvA0uKgNldtgrjbNl9DOx5swg1E3ibwkFKnMYzbG7czBdfhwKk98A9areRVuATM2VVkhjeHCZ0rgDtRiWOVK7jJjQ2lHIPrvr92qEDv1A_mme8bdVz0ojibF0Z3ijCAeBPe6WiQni8hewXSfaovgoBEvTxZ9OoiuorEuyvo34Y1eQ_XKKTb6UD1H8GAYRndGZ1SmCvMlzkkLOmgXih8zh9O-Q8RcjuBmZynD--BJRuWS0tvHL-A-nNvaeTvRk_F0-w6cp5V3xMENWF_Uy3AXzrr9xayp77UWzuDTaZvLb0H7j-E |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB5VBSEkxPuxUMBIcCNqEieOjYQQUFasWq32AFJvxq_AIsiWZLeof41fx0weWzi05dID19gTOcnMfOP4mxmApwgyyuQyidLSmShzXkYycB6pUkgTC-MT0SYK7xXTqdzfV7MN-DXkwhCtcvCJraP2C0f_yLcxDuHUxSDLt8ueFjHbGb86-BFRByk6aR3aaXQqshuOfuL2rXk52cFv_SxNx-8-vH0f9R0GIoeKu8S15RlCXOxEGbxSNjUB8V1aLn0WitiWFh8l2NwllmqjxYWVuUCbCL6wsbVUiAnd_4WCipa3tMHZMb0kT8VffDKMQRHU5hUROBNFZZxUkp2EhidFuy3qja_9z-_rOlztY232ujOOG7ARqptwpftRybr8q1vwnYpYmTb1ii1K9kc-GvP16nPD5hVr2f006uuWxoLX0KsfBk-Dy9pQGQ7matN8Ce18vAkzGI2TyBtCl8o8ZxPc5hzdho_n8sR3YLNaVOEeMGNTlRXSGC58pgTuTC2GW67kLjM2lHYEYtAF7foC7dQn5JsemHhf9VqJNCmR7pRoBPFa8KCrUXK2iByUTQ8puAgaGnH0bNEXa9E-Suuir38T3hq0VffOstHHqjqCJ-thdHN0dmWqsFjhnLSgA3ih-ClzOO1HRMzlCO52VrN-HzzJqIxSev_0BTyGS2glem8y3X0Al2nhHZ9wCzaX9So8hIvucDlv6ketsTP4dN7W8hsIcJiD |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+therapeutic+drugs+in+blood+of+drivers+involved+in+traffic+crashes+in+the+area+of+Bologna%2C+Italy&rft.jtitle=Forensic+science+international&rft.au=Pelletti%2C+Guido&rft.au=Verstraete%2C+Alain+G.&rft.au=Reyns%2C+Tim&rft.au=Barone%2C+Rossella&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft.issn=0379-0738&rft.volume=302&rft.spage=109914&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2019.109914&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_forsciint_2019_109914 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0379-0738&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0379-0738&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0379-0738&client=summon |