mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies d...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 374; no. 6572; p. abm0829
Main Authors: Goel, Rishi R, Painter, Mark M, Apostolidis, Sokratis A, Mathew, Divij, Meng, Wenzhao, Rosenfeld, Aaron M, Lundgreen, Kendall A, Reynaldi, Arnold, Khoury, David S, Pattekar, Ajinkya, Gouma, Sigrid, Kuri-Cervantes, Leticia, Hicks, Philip, Dysinger, Sarah, Hicks, Amanda, Sharma, Harsh, Herring, Sarah, Korte, Scott, Baxter, Amy E, Oldridge, Derek A, Giles, Josephine R, Weirick, Madison E, McAllister, Christopher M, Awofolaju, Moses, Tanenbaum, Nicole, Drapeau, Elizabeth M, Dougherty, Jeanette, Long, Sherea, D'Andrea, Kurt, Hamilton, Jacob T, McLaughlin, Maura, Williams, Justine C, Adamski, Sharon, Kuthuru, Oliva, Frank, Ian, Betts, Michael R, Vella, Laura A, Grifoni, Alba, Weiskopf, Daniela, Sette, Alessandro, Hensley, Scott E, Davenport, Miles P, Bates, Paul, Luning Prak, Eline T, Greenplate, Allison R, Wherry, E John
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 03.12.2021
Subjects:
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Humans
Immunologic Memory
mRNA Vaccines - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
ISSN:1095-9203, 1095-9203
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects at 6 months. By contrast, mRNA vaccines generated functional memory B cells that increased from 3 to 6 months postvaccination, with the majority of these cells cross-binding the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. mRNA vaccination further induced antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, and early CD4 T cell responses correlated with long-term humoral immunity. Recall responses to vaccination in individuals with preexisting immunity primarily increased antibody levels without substantially altering antibody decay rates. Together, these findings demonstrate robust cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination.
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ISSN:1095-9203
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.abm0829