Operational loss estimation in irrigation canals by integrating hydraulic simulation and crop growth modeling

Identifying operational losses in irrigation canals can be difficult due to inaccurate simplification in designing and operating national guidelines. However, this study aims to provide a practical solution to this problem by identifying operational losses, which are the primary cause of off-farm ir...

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Published in:	Agricultural water management Vol. 288; p. 108478
Main Authors:	Karimi Avargani, Habib, Hashemy Shahdany, S. Mehdy, Hashemi Garmdareh, S. Ebrahim, Liaghat, Abdolmajid, Guan, Guanghua, Behzadi, Farhad, Milan, Sami Ghordoyee, Berndtsson, Ronny
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01.10.2023 Elsevier
Subjects:	AquaCrop Civil Engineering crop models Engineering and Technology Hydrodynamic simulation model Iran irrigation systems irrigation water Samhällsbyggnadsteknik surface water Sustainable water management systems engineering Teknik Vattenteknik Water accounting Water conservation water distribution Water Engineering Iran Water conservation Water accounting Hydrodynamic simulation model Sustainable water management AquaCrop
ISSN:	0378-3774, 1873-2283
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Abstract	Identifying operational losses in irrigation canals can be difficult due to inaccurate simplification in designing and operating national guidelines. However, this study aims to provide a practical solution to this problem by identifying operational losses, which are the primary cause of off-farm irrigation water losses. The method involves simulating the daily delivered water to individual Irrigation Units (IUs) through off-take structures using hydraulic simulation. The daily agricultural water demand for individual IUs is then calculated using a crop growth model and irrigation system efficiency. This approach offers an effective way to accurately identify operational losses in agricultural water distribution systems. The Roodasht irrigation district in central Iran was used test proposed method. The water distribution simulation was conducted using an open-source Irrigation Conveyance System Simulation (ICSS) in three separate scenarios, including 29, 22, and 55 days, and each showed a typical operation based on history. The IUs’ agricultural water demand, at each off-take location, was calculated by the Aquacrop estimation including the existing information of the on-farm water efficiency depending on irrigation system. According to the study, the amount of water lost daily varied between 60% and 82%, 50–70%, and 44–61% in IUs that used drip, sprinkler, and surface water application systems, respectively, during normal operational scenarios. In situations where water was scarce, the water loss range was 4–87%, 68–80%, and 60–70%, respectively.The results of this study confirmed that losses in the conveyance and distribution systems varied according to the distance from the source and were often higher than the recommended guidelines for irrigation system design and operation (such as the 10–20% suggested in Iranian guidelines). The proposed methodology can be used to improve estimation of actual water losses for irrigation districts with similar operation systems and climatic conditions. •Proposing a practical method to assess operational losses for individual Irrigated Units (IUs) in irrigation districts.•Integrating hydraulic simulation and crop growth models for versatile application in various IUs in the irrigation districts.•The research shows that the adequacy varies 28–51%, 18–32% & 15–20% for upstream, midstream, and downstream IUs, respectively.•IUs’ total losses in surface, sprinkler & drip irrigation range from 60% to 82%, 50–70%, & 44–61% during normal operation.•During water-scarcity the total losses varies 64-87%, 68–80%, & 60–70% for Ius’ with surface, sprinkler & drip irrigation.
AbstractList	Identifying operational losses in irrigation canals can be difficult due to inaccurate simplification in designing and operating national guidelines. However, this study aims to provide a practical solution to this problem by identifying operational losses, which are the primary cause of off-farm irrigation water losses. The method involves simulating the daily delivered water to individual Irrigation Units (IUs) through off-take structures using hydraulic simulation. The daily agricultural water demand for individual IUs is then calculated using a crop growth model and irrigation system efficiency. This approach offers an effective way to accurately identify operational losses in agricultural water distribution systems. The Roodasht irrigation district in central Iran was used test proposed method. The water distribution simulation was conducted using an open-source Irrigation Conveyance System Simulation (ICSS) in three separate scenarios, including 29, 22, and 55 days, and each showed a typical operation based on history. The IUs’ agricultural water demand, at each off-take location, was calculated by the Aquacrop estimation including the existing information of the on-farm water efficiency depending on irrigation system. According to the study, the amount of water lost daily varied between 60% and 82%, 50–70%, and 44–61% in IUs that used drip, sprinkler, and surface water application systems, respectively, during normal operational scenarios. In situations where water was scarce, the water loss range was 4–87%, 68–80%, and 60–70%, respectively.The results of this study confirmed that losses in the conveyance and distribution systems varied according to the distance from the source and were often higher than the recommended guidelines for irrigation system design and operation (such as the 10–20% suggested in Iranian guidelines). The proposed methodology can be used to improve estimation of actual water losses for irrigation districts with similar operation systems and climatic conditions. Identifying operational losses in irrigation canals can be difficult due to inaccurate simplification in designing and operating national guidelines. However, this study aims to provide a practical solution to this problem by identifying operational losses, which are the primary cause of off-farm irrigation water losses. The method involves simulating the daily delivered water to individual Irrigation Units (IUs) through off-take structures using hydraulic simulation. The daily agricultural water demand for individual IUs is then calculated using a crop growth model and irrigation system efficiency. This approach offers an effective way to accurately identify operational losses in agricultural water distribution systems. The Roodasht irrigation district in central Iran was used test proposed method. The water distribution simulation was conducted using an open-source Irrigation Conveyance System Simulation (ICSS) in three separate scenarios, including 29, 22, and 55 days, and each showed a typical operation based on history. The IUs’ agricultural water demand, at each off-take location, was calculated by the Aquacrop estimation including the existing information of the on-farm water efficiency depending on irrigation system. According to the study, the amount of water lost daily varied between 60% and 82%, 50–70%, and 44–61% in IUs that used drip, sprinkler, and surface water application systems, respectively, during normal operational scenarios. In situations where water was scarce, the water loss range was 4–87%, 68–80%, and 60–70%, respectively.The results of this study confirmed that losses in the conveyance and distribution systems varied according to the distance from the source and were often higher than the recommended guidelines for irrigation system design and operation (such as the 10–20% suggested in Iranian guidelines). The proposed methodology can be used to improve estimation of actual water losses for irrigation districts with similar operation systems and climatic conditions. •Proposing a practical method to assess operational losses for individual Irrigated Units (IUs) in irrigation districts.•Integrating hydraulic simulation and crop growth models for versatile application in various IUs in the irrigation districts.•The research shows that the adequacy varies 28–51%, 18–32% & 15–20% for upstream, midstream, and downstream IUs, respectively.•IUs’ total losses in surface, sprinkler & drip irrigation range from 60% to 82%, 50–70%, & 44–61% during normal operation.•During water-scarcity the total losses varies 64-87%, 68–80%, & 60–70% for Ius’ with surface, sprinkler & drip irrigation.
ArticleNumber	108478
Author	Hashemy Shahdany, S. Mehdy Guan, Guanghua Behzadi, Farhad Liaghat, Abdolmajid Karimi Avargani, Habib Hashemi Garmdareh, S. Ebrahim Berndtsson, Ronny Milan, Sami Ghordoyee
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Habib orcidid: 0000-0003-1574-606X surname: Karimi Avargani fullname: Karimi Avargani, Habib organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: S. Mehdy surname: Hashemy Shahdany fullname: Hashemy Shahdany, S. Mehdy email: mehdi.hashemy@ut.ac.ir organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: S. Ebrahim surname: Hashemi Garmdareh fullname: Hashemi Garmdareh, S. Ebrahim organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 4 givenname: Abdolmajid surname: Liaghat fullname: Liaghat, Abdolmajid organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 5 givenname: Guanghua orcidid: 0000-0003-3099-0976 surname: Guan fullname: Guan, Guanghua organization: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Farhad orcidid: 0000-0002-1240-3830 surname: Behzadi fullname: Behzadi, Farhad organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 7 givenname: Sami Ghordoyee surname: Milan fullname: Milan, Sami Ghordoyee organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 8 givenname: Ronny surname: Berndtsson fullname: Berndtsson, Ronny email: ronny.berndtsson@tvrl.lth.se organization: Division of Water Resources Engineering & Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Cites_doi	10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2001)127:1(27) 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.006 10.1007/s00271-010-0222-8 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000414 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106321 10.1016/j.compag.2019.105122 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.005 10.1007/s11269-015-1000-4 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106578 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000256 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106833 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106265 10.1002/ird.1917 10.3390/w12092407 10.1002/ird.1978 10.1002/ird.1975 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000351 10.1002/ird.2335 10.1007/s11269-017-1671-0 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.012 10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.08.015 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000649 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001089 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001286 10.1007/s11269-018-2042-1 10.1109/CDC.2014.7040151
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Snippet	Identifying operational losses in irrigation canals can be difficult due to inaccurate simplification in designing and operating national guidelines. However,...
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SubjectTerms	AquaCrop Civil Engineering crop models Engineering and Technology Hydrodynamic simulation model Iran irrigation systems irrigation water Samhällsbyggnadsteknik surface water Sustainable water management systems engineering Teknik Vattenteknik Water accounting Water conservation water distribution Water Engineering
Title	Operational loss estimation in irrigation canals by integrating hydraulic simulation and crop growth modeling
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