Comparison of phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches: Analogies and differences

Purpose Phase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase‐constrained...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Magnetic resonance in medicine Jg. 75; H. 3; S. 1086 - 1099
Hauptverfasser:	Blaimer, Martin, Heim, Marius, Neumann, Daniel, Jakob, Peter M., Kannengiesser, Stephan, Breuer, Felix A.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2016 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:	Algorithms Analogies Calibration conjugate symmetry Conjugates ESPIRiT Formulations GRAPPA Image processing Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Image quality Image reconstruction Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Mathematical analysis parallel MRI phase-constrained reconstruction Robustness (mathematics) Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted virtual coil phase-constrained reconstruction GRAPPA conjugate symmetry virtual coil parallel MRI ESPIRiT
ISSN:	0740-3194, 1522-2594, 1522-2594
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Abstract	Purpose Phase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase‐constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k‐space symmetry. Methods Both formulations were combined with image‐domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k‐space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented. Results For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase‐constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k‐space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC‐GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution. Conclusions Although both phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image‐domain and k‐space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high‐resolution phase information. Magn Reson Med 75:1086–1099, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AbstractList	Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase-constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry.PURPOSEPhase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase-constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry.Both formulations were combined with image-domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k-space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented.METHODSBoth formulations were combined with image-domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k-space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented.For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase-constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k-space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC-GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution.RESULTSFor SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase-constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k-space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC-GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution.Although both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information.CONCLUSIONSAlthough both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information. Purpose Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase-constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry. Methods Both formulations were combined with image-domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k-space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented. Results For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase-constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k-space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC-GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution. Conclusions Although both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information. Magn Reson Med 75:1086-1099, 2016. Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase-constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry. Both formulations were combined with image-domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k-space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented. For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase-constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k-space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC-GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution. Although both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information. Purpose Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase-constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry. Methods Both formulations were combined with image-domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k-space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented. Results For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase-constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k-space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC-GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution. Conclusions Although both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information. Magn Reson Med 75:1086-1099, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Purpose Phase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase‐constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k‐space symmetry. Methods Both formulations were combined with image‐domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k‐space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented. Results For SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase‐constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k‐space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC‐GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution. Conclusions Although both phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image‐domain and k‐space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high‐resolution phase information. Magn Reson Med 75:1086–1099, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PurposePhase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of two different phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations, namely the standard phase‐constrained approach and the virtual conjugate coil (VCC) concept utilizing conjugate k‐space symmetry.MethodsBoth formulations were combined with image‐domain algorithms (SENSE) and a mathematical analysis was performed. Furthermore, the VCC concept was combined with k‐space algorithms (GRAPPA and ESPIRiT) for image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were conducted to illustrate analogies and differences between the individual methods. Furthermore, a simple method of improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio by modifying the sampling scheme was implemented.ResultsFor SENSE, the VCC concept was mathematically equivalent to the standard phase‐constrained formulation and therefore yielded identical results. In conjunction with k‐space algorithms, the VCC concept provided more robust results when only a limited amount of calibration data were available. Additionally, VCC‐GRAPPA reconstructed images provided spatial phase information with full resolution.ConclusionsAlthough both phase‐constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image‐domain and k‐space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high‐resolution phase information. Magn Reson Med 75:1086–1099, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Author	Neumann, Daniel Blaimer, Martin Jakob, Peter M. Kannengiesser, Stephan Breuer, Felix A. Heim, Marius
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Martin surname: Blaimer fullname: Blaimer, Martin email: blaimer@mr-bavaria.de organization: Research Center Magnetic-Resonance-Bavaria (MRB), Würzburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Marius surname: Heim fullname: Heim, Marius organization: Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniel surname: Neumann fullname: Neumann, Daniel organization: Research Center Magnetic-Resonance-Bavaria (MRB), Würzburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Peter M. surname: Jakob fullname: Jakob, Peter M. organization: Research Center Magnetic-Resonance-Bavaria (MRB), Würzburg, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Stephan surname: Kannengiesser fullname: Kannengiesser, Stephan organization: Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Felix A. surname: Breuer fullname: Breuer, Felix A. organization: Research Center Magnetic-Resonance-Bavaria (MRB), Würzburg, Germany
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Snippet	Purpose Phase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of... Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this study... Purpose Phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of... PurposePhase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches have the potential for significantly improving the image quality of accelerated MRI scans. The purpose of this...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Analogies Calibration conjugate symmetry Conjugates ESPIRiT Formulations GRAPPA Image processing Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods Image quality Image reconstruction Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Mathematical analysis parallel MRI phase-constrained reconstruction Robustness (mathematics) Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted virtual coil
Title	Comparison of phase-constrained parallel MRI approaches: Analogies and differences
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