Aggressive Aortic Arch and Carotid Replacement Strategy for Type A Aortic Dissection Improves Neurologic Outcomes

International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome....

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Vydané v:The Annals of thoracic surgery Ročník 101; číslo 3; s. 896
Hlavní autori: Trivedi, Dhaval, Navid, Forozan, Balzer, Jeffrey R, Joshi, Rama, Lacomis, Joan M, Jovin, Tudor G, Althouse, Andrew D, Gleason, Thomas G
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Netherlands 01.03.2016
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Abstract International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD. A standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264 consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases. The postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%. An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.
AbstractList International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD. A standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264 consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases. The postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%. An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.
International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD.BACKGROUNDInternational registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD.A standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264 consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases.METHODSA standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264 consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases.The postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%.RESULTSThe postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%.An algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAn algorithmic approach to TAAD including (1) rapid transport-to-incision-to-cardiopulmonary bypass established centrally, (2) neurocerebral monitoring, (3) liberal use of total arch replacement for clearly defined indications (and hemiarch for all others), and (4) common carotid arterial replacement for concomitant carotid dissections significantly improves outcomes.
Author Lacomis, Joan M
Balzer, Jeffrey R
Navid, Forozan
Gleason, Thomas G
Jovin, Tudor G
Althouse, Andrew D
Trivedi, Dhaval
Joshi, Rama
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Dhaval
  surname: Trivedi
  fullname: Trivedi, Dhaval
  organization: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Forozan
  surname: Navid
  fullname: Navid, Forozan
  organization: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jeffrey R
  surname: Balzer
  fullname: Balzer, Jeffrey R
  organization: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Rama
  surname: Joshi
  fullname: Joshi, Rama
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Joan M
  surname: Lacomis
  fullname: Lacomis, Joan M
  organization: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Tudor G
  surname: Jovin
  fullname: Jovin, Tudor G
  organization: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Andrew D
  surname: Althouse
  fullname: Althouse, Andrew D
  organization: UPMC Heart & Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Thomas G
  surname: Gleason
  fullname: Gleason, Thomas G
  email: gleasontg@upmc.edu
  organization: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: gleasontg@upmc.edu
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542439$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to...
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SubjectTerms Aneurysm, Dissecting - diagnostic imaging
Aneurysm, Dissecting - mortality
Aneurysm, Dissecting - surgery
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - diagnostic imaging
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - mortality
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - surgery
Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation - methods
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hospital Mortality - trends
Humans
Incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Pennsylvania - epidemiology
Postoperative Complications - epidemiology
Postoperative Complications - prevention & control
Retrospective Studies
Risk Assessment - methods
Risk Factors
Stroke - epidemiology
Stroke - prevention & control
Survival Rate - trends
Time Factors
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Treatment Outcome
Title Aggressive Aortic Arch and Carotid Replacement Strategy for Type A Aortic Dissection Improves Neurologic Outcomes
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