Combined nutrient and macroalgae loads lead to response in seagrass indicator properties

Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indic...

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Published in:	Marine pollution bulletin Vol. 106; no. 1-2; pp. 174 - 182
Main Authors:	Han, Qiuying, Soissons, Laura M., Bouma, Tjeerd J., van Katwijk, Marieke M., Liu, Dongyan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 15.05.2016
Subjects:	belowground biomass Biomass carbon carbon nitrogen ratio Environmental Monitoring Eutrophication field experimentation macroalgae Macroalgae suffocation Marine monitoring nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis nutrients Phosphorus - analysis pollution load seagrasses Seagrass–macroalgae interactions Seaweed - growth & development Ulva Ulva pertusa Water Pollutants - analysis water pollution Zostera marina Zosteraceae - physiology Zostera marina Ulva pertusa Seagrass–macroalgae interactions Eutrophication Macroalgae suffocation
ISSN:	0025-326X, 1879-3363, 1879-3363
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Abstract	Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indicators) as well as on the morphology and structure (i.e., slow indicators) of Zostera marina. Our results showed rapid impact of increased macroalgae and nutrient load on Z. marina C/N ratios. Also, macroalgae addition resulted in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses, and nutrient load significantly decreased above to belowground biomass ratio. Although some morphological/structural variables showed relatively fast responses, the effects of short-term disturbance by macroalgae and nutrients were less often significant than on physiological variables. Monitoring of seagrass physiological indicators may allow for early detection of eutrophication, which may initiate timely management interventions to avert seagrass loss. •Two type indicators are used to evaluate the response of seagrasses to macroalgae cover and nutrients.•Zostera marina C/N ratios rapidly response to increased macroalgae and nutrient load.•Macroalgae shading results in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses.•Nutrient load significantly decreases above to belowground biomass ratio.•Seagrasses monitoring should include physiological indicators to allow for early detection of eutrophication.
AbstractList	Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indicators) as well as on the morphology and structure (i.e., slow indicators) of Zostera marina. Our results showed rapid impact of increased macroalgae and nutrient load on Z. marina C/N ratios. Also, macroalgae addition resulted in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses, and nutrient load significantly decreased above to belowground biomass ratio. Although some morphological/structural variables showed relatively fast responses, the effects of short-term disturbance by macroalgae and nutrients were less often significant than on physiological variables. Monitoring of seagrass physiological indicators may allow for early detection of eutrophication, which may initiate timely management interventions to avert seagrass loss. Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indicators) as well as on the morphology and structure (i.e., slow indicators) of Zostera marina. Our results showed rapid impact of increased macroalgae and nutrient load on Z. marina C/N ratios. Also, macroalgae addition resulted in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses, and nutrient load significantly decreased above to belowground biomass ratio. Although some morphological/structural variables showed relatively fast responses, the effects of short-term disturbance by macroalgae and nutrients were less often significant than on physiological variables. Monitoring of seagrass physiological indicators may allow for early detection of eutrophication, which may initiate timely management interventions to avert seagrass loss.Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indicators) as well as on the morphology and structure (i.e., slow indicators) of Zostera marina. Our results showed rapid impact of increased macroalgae and nutrient load on Z. marina C/N ratios. Also, macroalgae addition resulted in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses, and nutrient load significantly decreased above to belowground biomass ratio. Although some morphological/structural variables showed relatively fast responses, the effects of short-term disturbance by macroalgae and nutrients were less often significant than on physiological variables. Monitoring of seagrass physiological indicators may allow for early detection of eutrophication, which may initiate timely management interventions to avert seagrass loss. Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of macroalgae Ulva pertusa loading and nutrient addition to the water column on the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) contents (i.e., fast indicators) as well as on the morphology and structure (i.e., slow indicators) of Zostera marina. Our results showed rapid impact of increased macroalgae and nutrient load on Z. marina C/N ratios. Also, macroalgae addition resulted in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses, and nutrient load significantly decreased above to belowground biomass ratio. Although some morphological/structural variables showed relatively fast responses, the effects of short-term disturbance by macroalgae and nutrients were less often significant than on physiological variables. Monitoring of seagrass physiological indicators may allow for early detection of eutrophication, which may initiate timely management interventions to avert seagrass loss. •Two type indicators are used to evaluate the response of seagrasses to macroalgae cover and nutrients.•Zostera marina C/N ratios rapidly response to increased macroalgae and nutrient load.•Macroalgae shading results in a trend of decreasing belowground biomass of seagrasses.•Nutrient load significantly decreases above to belowground biomass ratio.•Seagrasses monitoring should include physiological indicators to allow for early detection of eutrophication.
Author	Han, Qiuying Bouma, Tjeerd J. Liu, Dongyan Soissons, Laura M. van Katwijk, Marieke M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Qiuying surname: Han fullname: Han, Qiuying email: qyhan@yic.ac.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Laura M. surname: Soissons fullname: Soissons, Laura M. organization: Spatial Ecology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ-Yerseke), P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Tjeerd J. surname: Bouma fullname: Bouma, Tjeerd J. organization: Spatial Ecology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ-Yerseke), P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Marieke M. surname: van Katwijk fullname: van Katwijk, Marieke M. organization: Spatial Ecology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ-Yerseke), P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: Dongyan surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Dongyan organization: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975613$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Zostera marina Ulva pertusa Seagrass–macroalgae interactions Eutrophication Macroalgae suffocation
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Snippet	Excess nutrients are potential factors that drive phase shifts from seagrasses to macroalgae. We carried out a manipulative field experiment to study the...
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SubjectTerms	belowground biomass Biomass carbon carbon nitrogen ratio Environmental Monitoring Eutrophication field experimentation macroalgae Macroalgae suffocation Marine monitoring nitrogen Nitrogen - analysis nutrients Phosphorus - analysis pollution load seagrasses Seagrass–macroalgae interactions Seaweed - growth & development Ulva Ulva pertusa Water Pollutants - analysis water pollution Zostera marina Zosteraceae - physiology
Title	Combined nutrient and macroalgae loads lead to response in seagrass indicator properties
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975613 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1786126286 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1787958458 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1817834871
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